the Erläuterungen zur lateinischen Grammatik of Deecke (1893). Many matters of importance both in Etymology and Syntax are treated in the Archiv für lateinische Lexicographie, and the constructions with individual words are often well discussed in Krebs' Antibarbarus der lateinischen Sprache (6th edition, by Schmalz, 1886).
For the accentuation and pronunciation of Latin we have also Corssen's Aussprache, Vocalismus und Betonung der lateinischen Sprache (1868, 1870), and Seelmann's Die Aussprache des Latein (1885).
For the Etymology we must refer to Bücheler's Grundriss der lateinischen Declination (2d edition, by Windekilde, 1879) and to Schweizer-Sidler's Lateinische Grammatik (1888); also to many articles in various journals, most of which are given by Stolz. Indispensable is Neue's Formenlehre der lateinischen Sprache, of which the second volume of the third edition has already appeared (1892) and the first parts of the third volume (1894), under the careful revision of Wagener; also Georges' Lexikon der lateinischen Wortformen (1890).
For the Formation of Words and the relation of Latin forms to those of the related languages we have Henry's Précis de Grammaire Comparée and Brugmann's Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik, both now accessible in translations. On these, in connection with Schweizer-Sidler, the chapter on the Formation of Words has been based.
In the historical treatment of the Syntax we must still rely in large measure on Draeger's Historische Syntax der lateinischen Sprache (2d edition, 1878, 1881), faulty and inaccurate though it often is: many of the false statements have been corrected on the basis of more recent individual studies by Schmalz; but even Schmalz is not always correct, and many statements of his treatise have been silently emended in the present book. For the theoretical study of some problems of Latin Syntax Haase's Vorlesungen über lateinische Sprachwissenschaft (1880) should not be overlooked. Since the appearance of the second edition of Schmalz, in 1890, considerable progress has been made in the various journals and other publications, as may be seen from Deecke's summary in Bursian's Jahresbericht for 1893. Every effort has been made to incorporate in this grammar the main results of these studies as far as practicable. We may also draw attention to the following important articles, among others, some of which are mentioned in the books above referred to:
Wölfflin's numerous articles in the Archiv; Thielmann's articles in the Archiv on habēre with Perfect Participle Passive, and on the Reciprocal Relation; Landgraf's articles on the Figura Etymologica, in the second volume of the Acta Seminarii Erlangensis, and on the Future Participle and the Final Dative, in the Archiv; Hale's treatise on The Cum Constructions, attacking the theories of Hoffmann (Lateinische Zeitpartikeln, 1874) and Lübbert (Die Syntax von Quom, 1869);
