Tatsama Verbal Forms. 78. The Hindí verbs, without an exception, are Tadbhava words. Still, in poetry, parts of Sanskrit tenses are occasionally found; thus, from the root नम्, we have नमामि, ‘I salute,' 1st sing. pres. Parasmai. But such forms as this have no organic connection with the language. The Hindi, however, besides the regular Tadbhava participles of its verbal conjugation, admits, even in the colloquial, various Sanskrit participles in an unaltered form. Thus, we have the pres. participle Átmane in मान; as, from the root वृत्, व्र्तमान, 'existing, present,' and, very rarely, the indecl. past participle, in त्वा; as, in the Rámáyan, चित्वा. Much more common is the past part. in त or न (ण); as, e.g., from छ, छत, ‘done, made'; from वच्, उच्त 'spoken, said'; from पॄ, पूर्ण, 'filled'; from * fascinated.* Not uncommon are fut. pass. participles; whether those in as, from V, ‘ worthy to be done*; or as ‘ to be received,* from Vf; or in Tj, as, ^t|, from *to be seen,* ‘visible.* Very rare is the 2nd fut. part. Parasmai in 9 ; as, from v, * to be,* the final consonant tt having been rejected, Mfgtq, ‘future.* Sanskrit also contributes to Hindi many adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions, in an unaltered form. A list of these will be given in the appropriate place. Of Tadbhava Words. 77. The plan of this work will not allow the space necessary to an exhaustive discussion of the Tadbhava words of Hindi; but a brief exhibition of the processes by which they have been formed, will be found of service in the study of the Hindi dialects, and aid the student to an intelligent acquaintance with the language. Accordingly, referring the
student elsewhere for a full discussion of this matter,[1] we- ↑ See the "Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India,” by John Beames, B.C.S., and the "Comparative Grammar of the Gaudian Languages," by Dr. A. D. F. Hoernle; works which are indispensable to any one who will make a thorough study of this subject.
