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considered from each of ten different view points. The different States were then arranged in grades one, two, three, or four, according to the efficiency of their schools from each of the ten different points of view from which they were considered. The best grade under each heading is shown by means of a white rectangle, the second grade by light cross-hatching, the third grade by dark cross-hatching, and the fourth and worst by solid black. States are shown in the complete chart in their comparative rank. The State with the best schools is shown at the top of the chart and the State with the worst schools is shown at the bottom of the chart. On the chart as a whole, one can see at a glance just how the schools of any State rank with those in the other States, and wherein the greatest defects occur.

The chart of Fig. 33 was in a thirty-page illustrated pamphlet sent broadcast over the United States by the Russell Sage Foundation to members of various legislatures, school boards, etc. This pamphlet has resulted in the appropriation of some millions of dollars for the improvement of public schools. The arrangement of the pamphlet itself is worthy of note in that each left-hand page is a chart, while each right-hand page, facing the chart, is devoted to a brief explanation of the conclusions which can be made from a study of the chart. This arrangement of alternate pages of chart matter and printed matter is tremendously effective and is well worth copying.

Fig. 34. Organization of the United States Adjutant General's Office Compared with Organization Proposed by President Taft's Commission on Economy and Efficiency

This method of connecting blocks with lines to show the disposition of departments can be used in many types of chart presentation

It is frequently necessary to contrast one grouping of components