GENERAL SAN MARTIN 285
In August, 1820, he had gathered a patriot force of 4,50a men at Valparaiso, and was ready to embark for the conquest by sea. The army was composed of Argentines and Chilians. A former expedition had made the way of victory clear to the patriots. The fleet left Valparaiso August 21, iSna The army landed in Peru and began operations near Lima. San Martin began his Chilian campaign by the liberation of the slaves, whom he afterward found trusty soldiers. He began the Peruvian war by issuing a most noble manifesto to his countrymen, in which he said : " Ever since I came back to my native land, the independence of Peru has been present in my mind." And again he grandly announced his future policy in nearly these words : " From the time that a government is established by the people of Peru, the army of the Andes will obey its orders." The army of liberation was as successful in Peru as in Chile. The empire of the viceroys crumbled and fell. Amid the roar of cannon, the shouts of the peo- ple, and strewing of flowers, the independence of Peru was proclaimed on July 20, 1 82 1, in the great square of Lima. San Martin, as in Chile, was offered the supreme authority under the title of the Protector of Peru. He made use of the office merely for the pacification of the country. He convened the first Con- gress in Peru, and to the new government he addressed the words, or words like those, that we have quoted at the beginning of this article. He saw that Bolivar was the man to complete the liberation and bring about the unity of South America. The cause was all to him : he was nothing. To Bolivar he wrote : " My decision is irrevocable. I have convened the first Congress of Peru. The day of its installation I shall leave for Chile, con- vinced that my presence is the only obstacle that prevents you from coming to Peru." He sent to Bolivar a parting gift, saying, " Receive this memento from the first of your admirers, and with my desire that you have the glory of finishing the war for the independence of South America." The history of chivalry has no match for the character of San Martin. Boli- var united patriotism and vanity ; San Martin's glory was self-abnegation. At a banquet where the two were present, Bolivar once offered the following toast : " To the two greatest men in South America San Martin and myself." San Martin followed with his toast. " To the speedy end of the war ; to the establishment of the republics, and to the health of the Liberator of Colombia ! " The two toasts were photographs. Time is lifting the character of San Mar- tin into its true place among glorious men. He was a man who fought for peace. His life fulfilled his own motto : " Thou shalt be what thou oughtest to be, or else thou shalt be nothing." On critical occasions, his magnanimous soul rose to the sublimity of this motto, and to the end of his life of glory and poverty he was always able to say, " I have been what I ought ! "
