II. THE TOMB OF MAUSOLUS. " My eyes have looked on the Wall of Babylon and on the Zeics by the Alpheus Olympia and oji the Hanging Gardens, and the colossal Helios Rhodes and on the high Pyra/nids, and the gigantic monument of Mausohis, but when I saw the vast Temple of Artemis Ephesus soaring to the clouds, the others were all dimmed, for except in Heave?i the Sun has never looked on like." — Antipater of Sidon {c. ioo b.c.) on the Seven Wonders. Sources and the Site. In the British Museum Catalogue of Greek Sculpture, vol. ii., pp. 66 and 6^, are set out small prints of eight various restaura- tions which have been suggested for the world-famous Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, together with a good bibliography of the subject. Having been interested in the noble remnants of this puzzling monument preserved in the Museum, I was drawn on to read what had been written on the subject with the hope of discovering that which had been proved in regard to it and what is mere embroidery of conjecture. I propose to review the evidence of the stones themselves, and to bring out the points in what has been written which seem to me most in accordance with the facts. The main sources of evidence are three — the marbles in the Museum, Newton and Pullan's account of their discovery,* and a short description by Pliny. As shown by the surveys, the city of Halicarnassus was built around a deep, almost circular natural harbour. It was rebuilt by Mausolus, and his great monument has such a prominent position in the centre of the scheme that Adier is probably right in arguing that it was begun by himself before his death, in 353 B.C. The city is so
- Cited below as Newton for text and Pullan for plates.
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