formation (symbolic name, sig. 'door,' as the town was situated at the N. limits of the Creek country, and thus defended it against hostile inroads).
Abihka. A town of the Creek Nation on the S side of North fork of Canadian r., Tp. 11N., R. 8E., Ind. T.
Abí'hka—Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg, 11, 185, 1888.
Arbeka—U. S. P. O. Guide 366 1901.
Abikudshi ('Little Abihka'). A former Upper Creek town in n. Talladega co., Ala., on the right bank of Tallahatchee cr., 5 m. E. of Coosa r. It was settled
by Abihka Indians and some of the
Natchez. Bartram (1775) states that the inhabitants spoke a dialect of Chickasaw which could have been true of only a part.
Abacooches.—Bartram, Travels, 461, 1791. Abacouchees.— U. S. Ind. Treaties (1797), 68, 1837.
Abbacoochees.—Swan (1791) in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 262, 1855.
Abecoche.— Jefferys, Am.
Atlas, 5, 1776.
Abecochi.— Alcedo, Dice. Geog., I, 3; 1786.
Abecoochee.— U. S. Ind. Treaties (1814), 162,1837
Abecothee.— Lattre, Carte des Etats Unis, 1784.
Abecouechis.— Baudrv de Lozieres, Vov. Louisiane, 241, 1802.
Abucbochu.— H. R. Ex. Doc. 276, 24th Cong., 1st sess., 315, 1836. Arbiccoochee.— Sen. Ex. Doc. 425, 24th Cong., 1st sess., 301,1836.
Au-ba-coo-che.— Hawkins (1814) in Am. State Papers, Ind. Aff., I. 837, 1832.
Au-be-cooche.— Hawkins (1798-99), Sketch, 41, 1848.
Abikudshi.
town of the Creek Nation
on Deep fork of Canadian r. above Ocmul-
A
,
gee, Ind. T. Abi'hkudshi.— Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg.,
II,
185,
1888.
Abiquiu ( from .1 bechiu, q. v. ) A pueblo founded by the Spaniards prior to 1747 at the site of the prehistoric Tewa pueblo of Fejiu, on the Rio Chama, Ri6 Arriba In Aug., 1747, it was raided co., N. Mex. by the Ute, who killed a number of the inhabitants and compelled its abandonment. It was resettled soon afterward, and in 1748 contained 20 families, but, owing to further depredations by the Ute and Navaho, was again abandoned, and In 1765 the settlein 1754 reoccupied. ment (the mission name of which was Santa Rosa, later changed to Santo Tomas) contained 166 persons, and in the In 1779 the vicinity were 612 others. pueblo had 851 inhabitants, and at least as early as 1794 it was peopled in part by Genizaros, or Indian captives and fugitives, chiefly Hopi, whom the Spaniards had rescued or purchased. In 1808 Abiquiu contained 122 Indians and 1,816 The town was whites and mestizos. thoroughly Mexicanized by 1854. See Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 280, 1889; Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 54, 1892. (f. w. h.) Abequin.— Kern in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iv, 39, .
1854. Abicu.— Arrowsmith, Map of N. A., 1795, Abicui.— Humboldt,. Atlas Nouv. Esed. 1814. pagne, carte 1, 1811. Abiguin.— Ward in Ind. Abiquico.— Lane (1854) Aff. Rep. 1867, 210, 1868. Abiin Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 689, 1855. quieu.— Escudero, Noticias Nuevo-M6x., 14, 1849.
Abiquin.— Hezio (1797-98) in Meline, Two Thousand Miles, 260, 1867. Abiqufri.— Muhlenpfordt, Mejico, II, 533, 1844. Abiquiu.— Ms. of 1750 cited by Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, in, 174, 1890. Abuquin. Abricu. Pike. Exped., map, 1810.
—
—
ABNAKI
[B. A. B.
Johnston in Emory, Recon., 569, 1848. Albiquin.— Simpson, Rep., 2, 1850. Aluquia.— Buschmann, N. Mex., 245, 1858. Jo-so-ge.— Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, iv, 54, 1892 (Tewa name; from Jo-so, their name for the Hopi, because most of the inhabitants were of that tribe). Santa Rosa de Abiquiu.— Dominguez y Escalante (1776) in Doc. Hist. Mex., 2d s., i, 378, 1854. San Tomas de Abiquiu— Ward in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1867, 213, 1868. Santo Tomas de Abicui.— Orozco y Berra in Anales Minis. Fom., vi, 255, 1882. Santo Tomas de Abiquiu.— Alencaster (1805) in Meline, Two Thousand Miles, 212, 1867. Sta Rosa Abiquiu.— Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 252, 1889. Abittibi (abi'ta, 'half,' 'middle/ 'in-
termediate'; &?, a secondary stem referring to a state or condition, here alluding to water j -g, a locative suffix: hence halfway-across water,' referring to the situation of Abittibi lake.— W. Jones). A little known Algonkin band w^hose habitat has been the shores of Abittibi lake, Ont. The first recorded notice of them is in the Jesuit Relation for 1640. It is said in the Relation of 1660 that the Iroquois had warred upon them and two other tribes of the same locality. Du Lhut (1684) includes them in the list of nations of the region n. of L. Superior whose trade it was desirable should be turned from the English of Hudson bay to the French. Chauvignerie (1736) seems to connect this tribe, estimated at 140 warriors, with the Tetes de Boule. He mentions as totems the partridge and the eagle. They were reported by the Canadian Indian Office to number 450 in 1878, after which date they are not officially mentioned. '
C. T. ) (.1. M. Abbetikis.— Chauvignerie (1736) quoted by Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, 556, 1853. Abbitibbes.'— Keane in Stanford, Compendium, 498, 1878. Abitibis.— Harris, Voy. andTrav., I, map, 1705. Abittibbes.— Walch, map, 1805. Abittibis.—Chauvignerie (173&) in N. Y. Doc. Hist., ix, 1054, 1855. Outabitibek. Jesuit Rel. 1660, in, 12, 1858. Outabytibis. Bacquevillede la Potherie, n, 49, 1753. Outatibes.— Harris, Vov. and Trav., I, map, 1705. Tabitibis.— Lhut (1684) in Margry, Dec, vx, 51, 1886. Tabittibis.— Chauvignerie (1736) in N. Y. Doc. Hist., ix, Tabittikis.— Schoolcraft, Ind. 1053, 1855. Tribes, in, 555, 1853. Tibitibis.— Hennepin, Disc, map, 1698.
Abmoctac. A former Costanoan village connected with Dolores mission, San Franciso, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861.
Abnaki. (Wâbŭna'ki from wúbǔn, a term associated with 'light,' 'white,' and refers to the morning and the east; a'ki
'earth,' 'land'; hence Wâbŭna'ki is an inanimate singular term signifying 'east-land,' or 'morning-land,' the elements referring to animate dwellers of the east being wanting.—Jones). A name used by the English and French of the colonial period to designate an Algonquian confederacy centering in the present state of Maine, and by the Algonquian tribes to
include all those of their own stock resident on the Atlantic seaboard, more particularly the "Abnaki" in the N and the
Delawares in the S. More recently it has
been applied also to the emigrant Oneida,
