BOOK REVIEWS 985 isolation; the present war has shown us how complete that departure has be- come. In his famous discussion of "Our New Possessions," a legacy of the Spanish War, Professor James Bradley Thayer said: "If you ask what this nation may do in prosecuting the ends for which it was created, the answer is, It may do what other sovereign nations may do." Senator Sutherland, in a series of lectures delivered at Columbia University last winter, vigorously upholds the power of the national government to do in international affairs what other nations may do. In all matters of external sovereignty the powers of the nation are supreme and exclusive. The treaty-making power, he maintains, belongs to the nation as an attribute of sovereignty, and, except as limited by express provisions of the Constitution, extends to all matters which are within the proper scope of treaties. He contends that the nation is not helpless when a state attempts to exclude Japanese from the public schools or to forbid their owning land, or when foreign subjects are maltreated in any state; and that if in such cases a foreign nation has been aggrieved, "it is not from lack of power but from lack of action on the part of the national government." In time of war, he maintains, the nation has all powers necessary for national self-preservation. "The power to declare war includes every subsidiary power necessary to make the declaration effective. It does not mean the power of waging war feebly, with restricted means or limited forces. It means the power to proceed to the last extremity." Hence the various emergency statutes of the present war are within the constitutional power of Congress to enact. In particular Senator Sutherland exerts himself in upholding the Espionage Act, and he contends that not merely is the act constitutional, but that it does not go far enough. The book is an interesting and vigorous exposition of the point of view of an aggressive nationalist. A. W. S. Cases on Negotiable Instruments, Supplementary to Ames's Cases on BILLS AND Notes. By Zechariah Chafee, Jr. Published by the editor. 1919. pp. vi, 106. Dean Ames's case-book on Bills and Notes is the most exhaustive case-book that has ever been prepared for the use of students. At the time of its appear- ance it presented in its cases and notes a complete picture of the law of the subject with which it dealt. An index and summary at the end of the second volume stated the law with a combination of brevity, completeness, and exact- ness which has seldom, if ever, been equaled. More than twenty-five years have elapsed since the publication of this book, and during that time the Negotiable Instrmnents Law has been enacted in most states of the Union, and many decisions have construed the act, as well as the common law. This has made it desirable, ultimately, to prepare a new case-book on the subject, and, in the meantime, to present in the pamphlet under review the most important recent decisions. The cases are well selected, and the annotations, though not attempting a fuU list of authorities, indicate the most significant articles and decisions. S. W. Year Books of Edward II. Volume XV; 6 & 7 Edward II. Being Volume 36 of the Publications of the Selden Society, for the year 1918. By William Craddock Bolland. London: Quaritch. 1918. pp. Ix, 294. After a sad interval these records of the lives of men six centuries ago are issued again; in the old form, they take up the translation of the Year Books of Edward II, giving us in this voliune the cases of a half-year. As has been true in the other books of the series, there is little to interest a modern legal
