THE ORIGIN OF USES. I33 VIII. We now turn to cases in which land is concerned : — Whitby Cartulary, i. 203-4 (middle of cent, xii.) : Roger Mowbray has given land to the monks of Whitby ; in his charter he says ' Reginaldus autem Puer vendidit ecclesiae praefatae de Wyteby totum ius quod habuit in praefata terra et reliquit michi ad opus illorum, et ego reddidi eis, et saisivi per idem lignum per quod et recepi illud.' Burton Cartulary, p. 21, from an ' extent' which seems to come to us from the first years of cent. xii. : ' tenet Godfridus viii. bovatae [corr. bovatas] pro viii. sol. praeter illam terram quae ad ecclesiam iacet quam tenet cum ecclesia ad opus fratris sui parvuli, cum ad id etatis venerit ut possit et debeat servire ipsi ecclesia'e.' Ramsey Cartulary, ii. 257-8, from a charter dated by the editors in 1080-7 : * Hanc conventionem fecit Eudo scilicet Dapifer Regis cum Ailsio Abbate Rameseiae . . . . de Berkeforde ut Eudo habere deberet ad opus sororis suae Muriellae partem Sancti Benedict! quae adiacebat ecclesiae Rameseiae quamdiu Eudo et soror eius viverent, ad dimidium servitium unius railitis, tali quidem pacto ut post Eudonis sororisque decessum tam partem propriam Eudonis quam in eadera villa habuit, quam partem ecclesiae Rameseiae, Deo et Sancto Benedicto ad usum fratrum eternaliter . . . possidendam . . . relinqueret.' In D. B. i. 210 b, we find ' In Bereforde tenet Eudo dapifer v. hidas de feodo Abbatis [de Ramesy] .' So here we have a * Domesday tenant ' as * feoffee to uses.' Ancient Charters (Pipe Roll Soc. p. 21 (^circ. A. D. 1127) ; Richard Fitz Pons announces that having with his wife's concurrence disposed of her marriage portion, he has given other lands to her ; ' et inde saisivi Milonem fratrem eius loco ipsius ut ipse earn manuteneat et ab omni dcfendat iniuria.' Curia Regis Roll No. 81, Trin. 6 Hen. III. m. i d. Assize of mort d'ancestor by Richard de Barre on the death of his father William against William's brother Richard de Roughal for a rent. Defendant alleges that William held it in custodia, having purchased it to the use of (^ad opus) the defendant with the defendant's money. The jurors say that William bought it to the use of the defendant, so that William was seised not in fee but in wardship {custodia). An attempt is here made to bring the relationship that we are examining under the category of custodia. Bracton's Note Book, pi. 999 (a. d. 1224) : R, who is going to the Holy Land, commits his land to his b other W io keep to the use of his ( -R's) sons (commisit terram illam Wad opus puerorum. suoru/n) ; on y?'s death his eldest son demands the land from W, who refuses to surrender it ; a suit between them in a seigniorial court is compromised ; each of them is to have half the land. Bracton's Note Book, pi. 1683 (a. d. 1225) : R is said to have bought
