Page:Herodotus and the Empires of the East.djvu/102

ly belonged to the Indo-European. Such sounds are represented in these languages simply by a—thus, Indo-European, *é-bhero-nt (Gr., ἔφερον); Sanskrit, ábharan; Old Persian, abara(n). In Avestan this a suffered later euphonic changes.

Herodotus little knew that the Persian language was but a sister tongue of his own. How closely it resembles the Greek, and how far it varies from the mother language, the Indo-European, the following examples of comparative morphology serve to illustrate:

Persian, aspa ("horse"); Indo-European, *éḱwo; Sanskrit, áçva; Greek, ἵππο-ς; Latin, equo-s.

	Persian.		Greek.			Indo-European.
Nom.	*aspa		ἵππος			*éḱwos
Acc.	*aspam		ἵππον			*éḱwom
Gen.	*aspahyā		ἵπποιο (Hom.)		$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	*éḱwosyo
						*éḱwesyo
Abl	*aspā(d)		*ἵππο(τ)? Cf. Ϝοίκω, Rhein. Mus. LI. p. 303		$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	*éḱwōd
						*éḱwēd
Loc.	*aspaiy	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	*ἵπποι; cf. οἴκοι	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	*éḱwoi
			*ἵππει; cf. οἴκει			*éḱwei
Instr.	*aspā		*ἵππη; cf. πήποκα. (Att. πώποτε), Cyprian ἠ "if" (Att. ἐᾱν for ἠ ἄν)		$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	*éḱwō
						*éḱwē

Persian, bar ("bear"); Indo-European, bher; Sanskrit, bhar; Greek, φέρω; Latin, fero.