the bank being in failing circumstances, made the deed of assignment to Trustees for the benefit of its creditors, etc. The bill, in this case, was filed by the State, on behalf of herself and other creditors, to compel the Trustees, and the executors and administrators of such of them as were deceased, to account, etc. Any stockholder, bondholder, or other creditor of the bank, or person interested in the trust, had the same right to file the bill that the State had, and a bill to compel the executrix of Hill to account, and pay over money due from him to the trust, might have been filed within two years from the grant of letters to her, as well as after the expiration of five years; which time had elapsed when the present bill was filed.
If this suit had been brought by any other creditor of the bank than the State, we think it clear that it would have been barred by the statute of non-claim, so far as the demand against the executrix of Hill is concerned. Why then should the State be permitted to come in, out of time, and compel the executrix to pay a demand lost to all other creditors by their negligence and delay? The answer for the State is, that the statute of non-claim does not apply to her—that time does not run against the State.
It is true that it is an old maxim of the English law, that no time runs against the crown, or, as it is expressed by the early law writers, nullum tempus occurit regi. Broom's Legal Maxims, 46; 11 Coke 68, 74. And the rule founded upon it is, that the king is not bound by any statute of limitations unless there be an expressed provision to that effect. Sedgwick on Stat., etc., 105. The reason sometimes assigned why no laches shall be imputed to the king, is, that he is continually busied for the public good, and has not the leisure to assert his right within the period limited to subjects. Coke Lit. 90; 1 Black. 247. A better reason is, the great public policy of preserving public rights and property from damage and loss through the negligence of public officers. United States vs. Hoar, 2 Mason 311; The People vs. Gilbert, 18 John. 227; 9 Wheat. 720, 735; Levasser vs. Washburn, 11 Grat. 576; Angel on Lim. 35. And it has been
