872 HISTORY OF GREECE. A third distinguished philosopher of the same day, Anaxagoras, allegorizing Zeus and the other personal gods, proclaimed the doctrine of one common pervading Mind, as having first estab- lished order and system in the mundane aggregate, which had once been in a state of chaos and as still manifesting its unin- terrupted agency for wise and good purposes. This general doc- trine obtained much admiration from Plato and Aristotle ; but they at the same time remarked with surprise, that Anaxagoras never made any use at all of his own general doctrine for the ex- planation of the phenomena of nature, that he looked for noth- ing but physical causes and connecting laws, 1 so that in fact the spirit of his particular researches was not materially different from those of Demokritus or Leukippus, whatever might be the difference in their general theories. His investigations in meteor- ology and astronomy, treating the heavenly bodies as subjects for calculation, have been already noticed as offensive, not only to the general public of Greece, but even to Socrates himself among them : he was tried at Athens, and seems to have escaped con demnation only by voluntary exile. 2 rideaai i?eu Kal aepovrai rovreovf roiif uv&puTrovf Kal TtpoaK.vve.ovai, 6e6oi KOTEf Kept kuvTEuv KaaToi. 'E/zot <5e Kal uvrey SoKesi ravra TU Tru.'&ea dele elvai, Kal TuA/.a Travra, Kal oiidev erspov erepov fieiorepov oi>c5 av&pumvu repov, iM.u, navra $ua IKUOTOV 6e e^et (jtiiaiv ruv TOIOVTEUV, Kal ovdit uvev ^vCTiOf yiyve-ai. Kal TOVTO rd Trutfof, wf pol <5o/cm yiyvea&ai, Qpuau, etc. Again, sect. 112. 'A/l/lu yap, uairep Kal trporepov D.s^a, dela fiev Kal TUVTO, tan 6/zotwf rolai a^oiai, jiyvtrai 6e KOTO. Qvaiv iKaara. Compare the remarkable treatise of Hippocrates, De Morbo Sacro, capp I and 18, vol. vi. p. 352-394, ed. Littre. See this opinion of Hippocrateg illustrated by the doctrines of some physical philosophers stated in Aristotle, Physic, ii. 8. ueirep vei b Zevf, ov% oTrwf rbv OITOV av^r/ay, dAA' i$ avuyKTjf, etc. Some valuable observations on the method of Hippocrates are also found in Plato, Phaedr. p. 270. 1 See the graphic picture in Plato, Phaedon. p. 97-98 (cap. 46-47) : com- pare Plato, Legg. xii. p. 967 ; Aristotel. Metaphysic. i. p. 13-14 (ed. Bran- dis) ; Plutarch, Defect. Oracul. p. 435. Simplicius, Commentar. in Aristotel. Physic, p. 38. Kal cmep fiebh $ai- 6uvi 2u/cpdrj;f kyahel ro 'Ava^ayopa, rd tv rai rCtv Kara /zepof alTiohoyiatf (IT) T(f> vfj) KEXpno&<u, iM.a reuf vhiKalc; uirotioaEGiv, oiKelov r/v ry <j>vaio"h.oyia. Anaxagoras thought that the superior intelligence of men, as compared with other animals, arose from his possession of hands (Aristot. de Part. Animal ir. 10. p. 687, ed. Bekk.J. 1 Xenophcn, Memorab. iv. 7. Socrates said, Kal rtapa^povfioai TOV raCra
