events of the story.[1] The feelings and faith of his hearers went along with him, and there were no critical scruples to hold them back: to scrutinize the alleged proceedings of the gods was repulsive, and to disbelieve them impious. And thus these divine mythes, though they had their root simply in religious feelings, and though they presented great discrepancies of fact, served nevertheless as primitive matter of history to an early Greek: they were the only narratives, at once publicly accredited and interesting, which he possessed. To them were aggregated the heroic mythes (to which we shall proceed presently),—indeed the two are inseparably blended, gods, heroes and men almost always appearing in the same picture, analogous both in their structure and their genesis, and differing chiefly in the circumstance that they sprang from the type of a hero instead of from that of a god.
We are not to be astonished if we find Aphroditê, in the Iliad, born from Zeus and Dionê, and in the Theogony of Hesiod, generated from the foam on the sea after the mutilation of Uranos; nor if in the Odyssey she appears as the wife of Hêphæstos, while in the Theogony the latter is married to Aglaia, and Aphroditê is described as mother of three children by Arês.[2] The Homeric hymn to Aphroditê details the legend of Aphroditê and Anchisês, which is presupposed in the Iliad as the parentage of Æneas: but the author of the hymn, probably sung at one of the festivals of Aphrodite in Cyprus, represents the goddess as ashamed of her passion for a mortal, and as enjoining Anchises under severe menaces not to reveal who the mother of Æneas.was;[3] while in the Iliad she has no scruple in publicly
- ↑ The birth of Apollo and Artemis from Zeus and Leto is among the oldest and most generally admitted facts in the Grecian divine legends. Yet Æschylus did not scruple to describe Artemis publicly as daughter of Dêmêtêr (Herodot. ii. 156; Pausan. viii. 37, 3). Herodotus thinks that he copied this innovation from the Egyptians, who affirmed that Apollo and Artemis were the sons of Dionysos and Isis.
The number and discrepancies of the mythes respecting each god are at tested by the fruitless attempts of learned Greeks to escape the necessity of rejecting any of them by multiplying homonymous personages, three per sons named Zeus; five named Athene; six named Apollo, etc. (Cicero. d Natur. Deor. iii. 21: Clemen. Alexand. Admon. ad Gent. p. 17).
- ↑ Hesiod, Thqogon. 188, 934, 945; Homer, Iliad, v. 371; Odyss. viii. 268
- ↑ Homer, Hymn. Vener. 248, 286; Homer, Iliad, v. 320, 386.
