DATE OF THE SECOND WAR. 43* Olympiad, in which Pheidon interfered, and the 104lh Olym- piad, in which the Arcadians marched in, were always marked on the Eleian register as non-Olympiads, or informal celebra- tions. We may reasonably connect this temporary triumph of the Pisatans with the Messenian war, inasmuch as they were no match for the Eleians single-handed, while the fraternity of Sparta with Elis is in perfect harmony with the scheme of Peloponnesian politics which we have observed as prevalent ?ven before and during the days of Pheidon. 1 The second 1 Respecting the position, of the Eleians and Pisatas during the second Messenian war, there is confusion in the different statements : as they can- not all be reconciled, we are compelled to make a choice. That the Eleians were allies of Sparta, and the Pisatans of Messenia, and that the contests of Sparta and Messenia were mixed up with those of Elis and Pisa about the agonothesia of the Olympic games, is conformable to one distinct statement of Strabo (viii. pp. 355, 358), and to the passage in Phavori- nus v. Avyetac, and is, moreover, indirectly sustained by the view given in Pausanias respecting the relations between Elis and Pisa (vi. 22, 2), whereby it clearly appears that the agonothesia was a matter of standing dispute between the two, until the Pisatans were finally crushed by the Eleians in the time of Pyrrhus, son of Pantaleon. Farther, this same view is really conformable to another passage in Strabo, which, as now printed, appears to contradict it, but which is recognized by Muller and others as needing correction, though the correction which they propose seems to me not thi> nest. The passage (viii. p. 362) stands thus : Il2.eovu.Ktf 6' k-^oKi^ricsav (Messenians and Lacedaemonians) 6iii rue uTroaruaeif TUV ~M.saaqvi.uv. TTJV <IEV ovv TrpuTTiv xaTuKTrjaiv aiiriJv pr/ai Tvpralof ev rote iroirj/uaai Kartl roi'f ruv iraTtpuv Trarepaf yeveo&ai- TTJV 6e devrepav, a$' f/v ihopevoi avfj.fiu.xovf lll.eiovf KO.I 'Apyeiove Kal Hiaaraf uireaTjjaav, 'ApKaduv uev 'ApicrTOKpa.- ~TJV rbv 'Opxouevov fiaaiTiea napex.oiJ.EVuv crparTiybv, HiaarCiv 6e navra- eovra rbv 'OjKJia/.iuvof T/VIKO <j>T]atv atiroc arparij-yrjaai TUV Ttofefj.ov rotf iaKedaiftovioic, etc. Here it is obvious that, in the enumeration of allies, he Arcadians ought to have been included ; accordingly, both 0. Muller md Mr. Clinton (ad annum 672 B.C.) agree in altering the passage thus:
- hey insert the words KOI 'ApxaJac after the word 'H/ls-tovf, so that
Ljth Eleians and Pisatans appear as allies of Messenia at once. I submit that this is improbable in itself, and inconsistent with the passage of Strabo previously noticed : the proper way of altering the passage is, in my judg- ment, to substitute the word 'A p K a 6 a c in place of the word ' H A e i o v c, which makes the two passages of Strabo consistent with each other, and hardlj does greater violence to the text. As opposed to the view here adopted, there is, undoubtedly, the passage of Paus ias (iv. 15, 4) which numbers the Eleians among the allies of Mes
