458 HISTORY OF GREECE. regulated by the fife, which played in martial measures peculiar to Sparta, and was employed in actual battle as well as in mili- tary practice ; and so perfectly were they habituated to the move- ments of the enomoty, that, if their order was deranged by any adverse accident, scattered soldiers could spontaneously form them- selves into the same order, each man knowing perfectly the du- ties belonging to the place into which chance had thrown him. 1 Above the enomoty were several larger divisions, the pente- kostys, the lochus, and the mora, 2 of which latter there seem to in the Cyrcian army : the lochus consisted of one hundred men, but tho numbers of the other two divisions are not stated (Anab. iii. 4, 21 : iv. 3, 26: compare Arrian, Tactic, cap. 6). " The words of Thucydides indicate the peculiar marshalling of the Lace daemonians, as distinguished both from their enemies and from their allies at the battle of Mantineia, xal ei>$vf vird airovdris Ka&iffTavro ef noafiov Tbv tavruv, "AytcJof TOV /foui/leof lunara tfyyovftevov Kara vouov : again, c. 68. About the music of the flute or fife, Thncyd. v. 69; Xen Rep Lao J3, 9, Plutarch, Lycurg. c. 22. 2 Meursius, Dr. Arnold, and Rachctti (Delia Milizia dei Grechi Antichi, Milan, 1807, p. 166) all think that lochus and mora were different names for the same division ; but if this is to be reconciled with the statement of Xenophon in Repub. Lac. c. 11, we must suppose an actual change of nomenclature after the Peloponnesian war, which appears to be Dr. Arnold's opinion, yet it is not easy to account for. There is one point in Dr. Thirlwall's Appendix which is of some impor tance, and in which I cannot but dissent from his opinion. He says, after stating the nomenclature and classification of the Spartan military force as given by Xenophon, " Xenophon speaks only of Spartans, as appears by the epithet TrohiTiKiJv" p. 521 : the words of Xenophon are, 'EKUOTJ; dt TUV xo- MTLKUV [topuv l%ei notepapxov Zva, etc. (Rep. Lac. 11.) It appears to me that Xenophon is here speaking of the aggregate Lacc- Jaemonian heavy-armed force, including both Spartans and Periceki, not of Spartans alone. The word iro7.irt.Kuv does not mean Spartans as distin- guished from Pcrioeki, but Lacedaemonians as distinguished from allies. Thus, when Agesilaus returns home from the blockade of Phlius, Xenophon tells us that ravra Trotf/aae roi)f fiev cvp/uuxovf affitce, rd c5e KO?.ITIKOV oiKade uiTTjyayE (Hellen. v. 3, 25). O. Miillcr, also, thinks that the whole number of five thousand seven hun- dred and forty men, who fought at the first battle of Mantineia, in the thir- teenth year of the Peloponnesian war, were furnished by the city of Sparta itself (Hist, of Dorians, iii. 12, 2) : and to prove this, he refers to the very fMjage just cited from the Hellenica of Xenophon, which, as far as it prove
