164 HISTORY OF GREECE. that the two were connected by a bridge for a large portion oi the historical period of Greece, erected during the later times of the Peloponnesian war by the inhabitants of Chalkis. 1 Its gen- eral want of breadth leaves little room for plains : the area of the island consists principally of mountain, rock, dell, and ravine, suited in many parts for pasture, but rarely convenient for grain- culture or town habitations. Some plains there were, however, of great fertility, especially that of Lelantum, 2 bordering on the sea near Chalkis, and continuing from that city in a southerly di- rection towards Eretria. Chalkis and Eretria, both situated on the western coast, and both occupying parts of this fertile plain, were the two principal places in the island : the domain of each seems to have extended across the island from sea to sea. 3 Towards the northern end of the island were situated Histiaea, afterwards called Oreus, as well as Kerinthus and Dium, Athe- nce Diades, JEdepsus, -^Egae, and Orobios, are also mentioned on the north-western coast, over against Lokris. Dystus, Styra, and Karystus are made known to us in the portion of the island south of Eretria, the two latter opposite to the Attic denies Halse, Araphenides, and Prasire. 4 The large extent of the island of Euboea was thus distributed between six or seven cities, the larger and central portion belonging to Chalkis and Eretria. But the extensive mountain lands, applicable only for pastures in the summer, for the most part public lands, let out for pasture to such proprietors as had the means of providing winter sustenance elsewhere for their cattle, were never visited by any one ex- cept the shepherds ; and were hardly better known to the citizens 1 Diodor. xiii, 47.
- Kallimachus, Hymn, ad Delum, 289, with Spanhcim's note ; Theognis,
v, 888 ; Theophrast. Hist. Plant. 8, 5. See Leake, Travels in Northern Greece, vol. ii, ch. 14, p. 254, seg. The passage of Theognis leads to the belief that Kerinthus formed x part of the territory of Chalkis. 3 Skylax (c. 59) treats the island of Skyrus as opposite to Eretria, the territory of which must, therefore, have included a portion of the eastern coast of Euboea, as well as the western. He recognizes only four cities in the island, Karystns, Eretria, Chalkis, and Hestioea. 4 Mannert, Geograph. Gr. Rom. part viii, book i, c. 16, p. 248 ; Strabo, y, pp. 445-449.
