176 HISTORY OF GREECE depended. At the same time, the new arrangements indispena able among the colonists were far from working always harmo niously: dissension and partial secessions were not unfrequent occurrences. And what has been called the mobility of the Ionic race, as compared with the Doric, is to be ascribed in a great measure to this mixture of races and external stimulus arising out of expatriation : for there is no trace of it in Attica anterior to Solon ; and on the other hand, the Doric colonies of Korkyra and Syracuse exhibit a population not less excitable than the Ionic towns generally, 1 and much more so than the Ionic colony of Massalia. The remarkable commercial enter- prise, which will be seen to characterize Miletus, Samos, and Phokaea, belongs but little to anything connected with the Ionic temperament. All the Ionic towns, except Klazomenae and Phoktea, are rep- resented to have been founded on some preexisting settlements of Karians, Lelegians, Kretans, Lydians, or Pelasgians.' 3 In some cases these previous inhabitants were overcome, slain, or expelled ; in others they were accepted as fellow-residents, and the Grecian cities thus established acquired a considerable tinge of Asiatic customs and feelings. What is related by Herodotus respecting the first establishment of Neileus and his emigrants at Miletus is in this point of view remarkable. They took out with them no women from Athens (the historian says), but found wives in the Karian women of the place, whose husbands and fathers they overcame and put to death ; and the women, thus violently seized, manifested their repugnance by taking a solemn oath among themselves that they would never eat with their new husbands, nor ever call them by their personal names. This same pledge they imposed upon their daughters ; but how long the practice lasted, we are not informed: it rather seems from the language of the historian that traces of it were visible even in h ; s day in the family customs of the Milesians. The popula- tion of this greatest of the Ionic towns must thus have been hal:' jf Karian breed. It is to be presumed that what is true InicyJ. vi, 17, about the Sicilian Greeks o^Xoif TE yup v///iiroZc no 'oovan al Tro/lfir, xal {>a6ia<; tyovai TWV irofareiuv ruf fiErapoXug KO! See Kaoul Rochette, Histoire dcs Colonies Grecques, b. iv, c. 10, p. 93
