252 HISTORY OF GKEEUh. rians, whose name marks him for a Greek, after a season of proe perous depredation in Lydia and Ionia, conducting his host intc the mountainous regions of Kilikia, was there overwhelmed and slain. But though these marauders perished, the Cimmerian settlers in the territory near Sinope remained ; and Ambron, the first Milesian cekist who tried to colonize that spot, was slain by them, if we may believe Skymnus. They are not mentioned af- terwards, but it seems not unreasonable to believe that they ap- pear under the name of the Chalybes, whom Herodotus mentions along that coast between the Mariandynians and Paphlagonians, and whom Mela notices as adjacent to Sinope and Amisus. 1 Other authors place the Chalybes on several different points, more to the east, though along the same parallel of latitude, between the Mosynoeki and Tibareni, near the river ThermG- don, and on the northern boundary of Armenia, near the sources of the Araxes ; but it is only Herodotus and Mela who recognize Chalybes westward of the river Halys and the Paph- lygonians, near to Sinope. These Chalybes were brave moun taineers, though savage in manners ; distinguished as producers and workers of the iron which their mountains afforded. In the conceptions of the Greeks, as manifested in a variety of fabulous notices, they are plainly connected with Scythians or Cimmerians ; whence it seems probable that this connection was present to the mind of Herodotus in regard to the inland population near Sinope. 2 T A 6ei2.be paffdt-av oaov f^irev ov yap c//e/lAe Our' cirof 2Ktn?7V<5e Tra/ii/UTTeres, ovre rtf uAAoc "Qaauv ev 7i.eifj.uvL Kavarpiu J/aav u/mfa, "A^* aTrovoarf/aeiv In the explanation of the proverb Zxvtfuv lp?}/j.ia, allusion is made to a sud- den panic and flight of Scythians from Ephesus ( Hesychius, v, Zicv&tiv Lprj^ia), probably this must refer to some story of interference on the part of Artemis to protect the town against these Cimmerians. The confusion between Cimmerians and Scythians is very frequent. 1 Herodot. i, 28; Mela, i, 19, 9; Skymn. Chi. Fragm. 207. 2 The ten thousand Greeks in their homeward march passed through a people called Chalybes between Armenia and the town of Trapezus, and also again after eight days' march westerly from Trapezus, between the Tibareni and Mosynceki: compare Xenophon, Anabas. iv, 7, 15; v, 5, lj probably different sections of the same people The last-mentioned
