352 HISTORY OF GREECE. of this race, comprising Sikels, and Itali properly so called, as sections, had at one time occupied most of the territory from the left bank of the river Tiber southward between the Apennines and the Mediterannean. Both Herodotus and his junior coi> temporary, the Syracusan Antiochus, extend OEnotria as far northward as the river Silarus, 1 and Sophokles includes the whole coast of the Mediterranean, from the strait of Messina to the gulf of Genoa, under the three successive names of (Eno- tria, the Tyrrhenian gulf, and Liguria. 9 Before or during the fifth century B. c., however, a differjnt population, called Opi- cians, Oscans, or Ausonians, had descended from their original seats on or north of the Apennines, 3 and had conquered the ter- 1 Herodotus (i, 24-167) includes Elea (or Velia) in CEnotria, and Tarentum in Italia; while Antiochus considers Tarentum as in lapygia, and the southern boundary of the Tarentine territory as the northern boundary of Italia: Dionysius of Halikarnassus (A. R; ii, 1) seems to copy from Antiochus when he extends the CEnotrians along the whole south- western corner of Italy, within the line drawn from Tarentum to Poseidonia, or Paestum. Hence the appellation Olvurpitief VTJGOI to the two islands opposite Elea (Strabo, vi, p. 253). Skymnus Chius (v. 247) recognizes the same boundaries. Twelve (Enotrian cities are cited by name (in Stephanus Byzantinus^ from the Evpuirri of Hckatseus (Frag. 30-39, ed. Didot) : Skylax in his Periplus does not name CEnotrians; he enumerates Campanians, Samnitcs, and Lucanians (cap. 9-13). The intimate connection between Miletus and Sybaris would enable Hekatjsus to inform himself about the interior (Enotrian country. CEnotria and Italia together, as conceived by Antiochus and Herodotus, comprised what was known a century afterwards as Lucania and Bruttium : sec Mannert, Geographic der Griech. und Kb'mer, part ix, b. 9, ch. i, p. 86. Livy, speaking with reference to 317 B. c., when the Lucanian nation as well as the Bruttians were in full vigor, describes only the sea-coast of the lower sea as Grecian, " cum omni ora Graecorum inferi maris a Thuriis Neapolim et Cumas," (ix, 19.) Verrius Flaccus considered the Sikels as Greed (Festus, v, Major Gra;cia, with Miillcr's note).
- Sophoklos, Triptolcm. Fr. 527, ed. Dindorf. He places the lake Avernus,
which was close to the Campanian Cumse, in Tyrrhenia: see Lexicon Sophocleum, ad calc. ed. Brunck, v, "A.opvof. Euripides (Medea, 1310- 1326) seems to extend Tyrrhenia to the strait of Messina. 3 Aristot. Polit. vii, 9, 3. $KOVV 6e rb fj.lv rrpof rr/v Tv/jpT/viav 'OrriKoi, Kal wpurepov Kal vvv Ka7t.ovfj.Evot. TT/V tTTiK^ffiv vaovef. Festus: u Ausomam appellavit Auson, Ulyssis ct Calypsus filius, earn primam partem Italiae in qua aunt urbcs Beneventum et Gales: dcindc paalntnn tota quoque Italia
