122 HISTORY OF GREECE. with ornaments and luxuries to which they would otherwise have had no access. The citizens of Herakleia had reduced into de- pendence a considerable portion of the neighboring Mariandyni, and held them in a relation resembling that of the natives of Estho- nia and Livonia to the German colonies in the Baltic. Some of the Kolchian villages were also subject, in the same manner, to the Trapezuntines ;' and Sinope doubtless possessed a similar inland dominion of greater or less extent. But the principal wealth of this important city arose from her navy and maritime commerce ; from the rich thunny fishery attached to her promontory ; from the olives in her immediate neighborhood, which was a cultivation not indigenous, but only naturalized by the Greeks on the seaboard ; from the varied produce of the interior, comprising abundant herds of cattle, mines of silver, iron, and copper in the neighboring mountains, wood for ship-building, as well as for house furniture, and native slaves. 2 The case was similar with the three colonies of Sinope, more to the eastward, Kotyora, Kerasus, and Trape- zus ; except that the mountains which border on the Euxine, gradu- ally approaching nearer and nearer to the shore, left to each of them a more confined strip of cultivable land. For these cities the tune had not yet arrived, to be conquered and absorbed by the inland monarchies around them, as Miletus and the cities on the eastern coast of Asia Minor had been. The Paphlagonians were at this time the only indigenous people in those regions who formed a considerable aggregated force, under a prince named Korylas ; a prince tributary to Persia, yet half independent, since he had disobeyed the summons of Artaxerxes to come up and help hi re- pelling Cyrus 3 and now on terms of established alliance with Sinop, though not without secret designs, which he wanted only force to execute, against that city. 4 The other native tribes to the eastward were mountaineers both ruder and more divided ; war- like on their own heights, but little capable of any aggressive combinations. Though we are told that Perikles had once despatched a detach- ment of Athenian colonists to Sinope 1 , 5 and had expelled from thence the despot Timesilaus, yet neither that city nor any of 1 Strabo, xii, p. 542 ; Xen. Am b. iv, 8, 24. a Strabo, xii, p. 545, 546 3 Xen. Anab. v, 6, 8. 4 Xen. Anab. v, 5, 23 1 Plutarch, Perikles, c. 20.
