U1 CONTENTS. points, probably worse than the Thirty at Athens. Bad conduct of the Spartan harmosts harsh as well as corrupt. No justice to be obtained against them at Sparta. Contrast of the actual empire of Sparta, with the promises of freedom which she had previously held out. Numerous promises of general autonomy made by Sparta by the Spartan general Brasidas, especially. Gradual change in the language and plans of Sparta towards the close of the Peloponnesian war. Language of Bras- idas contrasted with the acts of Lysander. Extreme suddenness and completeness of the victory of JEgospotami left Lysander almost omni potent. The dekarchies became partly modified by the jealousy at Sparta against Lysander. The harmosts lasted much longer. The Thirty at Athens were put down by the Athenians themselves, not by any reformatory interference of Sparta. The empire of Sparta much worse and more oppressive than that of Athens. Imperial Athens de- prived her subject-allies of their autonomy, but was guilty of little or no oppression. Imperial Sparta did this, and much worse her harmosts and decemvirs are more complained of than the fact of her empire. This more to be regretted, as Sparta had now an admirable opportunity for organizing a good and stable confederacy throughout Greece. Spar ta might have reorganized the confederacy of Delos, which might now have been made to work well. Insupportable arrogance of Lysander bitter complaints against him, as well as against the dekarchies. Ly- sander offends Pharnabazus, who procures his recall. His disgust and temporary expatriation. Surrender of the Asiatic Greeks to Persia, according to the treaty concluded with Sparta. Their condition is af- fected by the position and ambitious schemes of Cyrus, whose protection they seek against Tissaphernes. After the death of Cyrus, Tissaphernes returns as victor and satrap to the coast of Asia Minor. Alarm of the Asiatic Greeks, who send to ask aid from Sparta. The Spartans send Thimbron with an army to Asia. His ill-success and recall He is su- perseded by Derkyllidas. Conduct of the Cyreians loose as to pillage. Derkyllidas makes a truce with Tissaphernes, and attacks Pharnabazus in the Troad and .<Eolis. Distribution of the Persian empire ; relation of king, satrap, sub-satrap. Mania, widow of Zenis, holds the subsatrapy of ^Eolis under Pharnabazus. Her regular payment and vigorous gov- ernment. Military force, personal conquests, and large treasures, of Mania. Assassination of Mania, and of her son, by her son-in-law Meidias, who solicits the satrapy from Pharnabazus, but is indignantly refused. Invasion and conquest of JEolis by Derkyllidas, who gets possession of the person of Meidias. Derkyllidas acquires and liberates Skepsis and Gergis, deposing Meidias, and seizing the treasures of Mania. Derkyl- lidas concludes a truce with Pharnabazns, and takes winter quarters in Bithynia. Command of Derkyllidas satisfaction of Sparta with the improved conduct of the Cyreians. Derkyllidas crosses into Europe, and employs his troops in fortifying the Chersonesus against the Thra- cians. He captures and garrisons Atarneus. He makes war upon Tis- saphcrnes and Pharnabazus, upon the Majander. Timidity of Tis- saphernes he concludes a truce with Derkyllidas. Derkyllidas is superseded by Agesiiaus. Alienation towards Sparta had grown up among her allies in Central Greece. Great energy imparted to Spartan action by Lysander immediately after the victory of jEgospotami ; an energy very unusual wivh Sparta. The Spartans had kept all the ad- vantages of victory to themselvec their allies were allowed nothing. Great power of the Spartans they take revenge upon those who had dis- pleased them their invasion of Elis. The Spartan king Agis invades the Eleian territory. H retires from it immediately in consequence of
