SURRENDER OF THE ASIATIC GREEKS. 205 peremptory order was sent to recall him. Constrained to obey, lift came back to Sparta ; but the comparative disgrace, and the loss of that boundless power which he had 3njoyed on his command^ was so insupportable to him, that he obtained permission to go on a pilgrimage to the temple of Zeus Ammon in Libya, under the plea that he had a vow to discharge. 1 He appears also to have visited the temples of Delphi and Dodona, 2 with secret ambitious projects which will be mentioned presently. This politic withdrawal softened the jealousy against him, so that we shall find him, after a year or two, reestablished in great influence and ascendency. He was sent as Spartan envoy, at what precise moment we do not know, to Syracuse, where he lent countenance and aid to the recently established despotism of Dionysius. 3 The position of the Asiatic Greeks, along the coast of Ionia, JEo- 1 Plutarch, Lysand. c. 19, 20, 21. The facts, which Plutarch states respecting Lysander, cannot be recon- ciled with the chronology which he adopts. He represents the recall of Lysander at the instance of Pharnabazus, with all the facts which preceded it, as having occurred prior to the reconstitution of the Athenian democ- racy, which event we know to have taken place in the summer of 403 B. c. Lysander captured Samos in the latter half of 404 B. c., after the surren der of Athens. After the capture of Samos, he came home in triumph, in the autumn of 404 B. o. (Xen. Hellen. iii, 3, 9). He was at home, or serving in Attica, in the beginning of 403 B. c. (Xen. Hellen. ii, 4, 30). Now when Lysander came home at the end of 404 B. c., it was his tri- umphant return ; it was not a recall provoked by complaints of Pharnaba- zus. Yet there can have been no other return before the restoration of the democracy at Athens. The recall of Lysander must have been the termination, not of this com- mand, but of a subsequent command. Moreover, it seems to me necessary, in order to make room for the facts stated respecting Lysander as well as about the dekarchies, that we should suppose him to have been again sent out (after his quarrel with Pausanias in Attica) in 403 B. c., to command in Asia. This is nowhere positively stated, but I find nothing to contradict it, and I see no other way of making room for the facts stated about Lysan- der. It is to be noted that Diodorus has a decided error in chronology as to the date of the restoration of the Athenian democracy. He places it in 401 B.C. (Diod. xiv, 33), two years later than its real date, which is 403 B. c. ; thus lengthening by two years the interval between the surrender of Athens and the reestablishment of the democracy. Plutarch also seems to hare conceived that interval as much longer than it really was.
- Plutarch, Lysand c. 25. 3 Plutarch. Lysander, " 2
