COEINTHIAN V.AE. 327 with a otrosg aversion to the war ; * the more so, as the damage fell exclusively upon them their allies in Boeotia, Athens, and 1 I dissent from Mr. Fynes Clinton as well as from M. Kehdantz (Vitas Iphicratis, etc., c. 4, who in the main agrees with Dodwell's Annales Xeno- phontei) in their chronological arrangement of these events. They place the battle fought by Praxitas within the Long Walls of Cor- inth in 393 B. c., and the destruction of the Lacedaemonian mara or division by Iphikrates (the monthly date of which is marked by its having immedi- ately succeeded the Isthmian games), in 392 B. c. I place the former event in 392 B. c. ; the latter in 390 B. c., immediately after the Isthmian games of 390 B. c. If we study the narrative of Xenophon, we shall find, that after describ ing (iv, 3) the battle of Koroneia (August 394 B. c.) with its immediate con- sequences, and the return of Agesilaus home, he goes on in the next chap- ter to narrate the land-war about or near Corinth, which he carries down without interruption (through Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, of Book iv.) to 389 B.C. But in Chapter 8 of Book iv, he leaves the land-war, and takes up the naval operations, from and after the battle of Knidus (Aug. 394 B. c.). He recounts how Pharnabazus and Konon came across the -55gean with a pow- erful fleet in the spring of 393 B. c., and how after various proceedings, they brought the fleet to the Saronic Gulf and the Isthmus of Corinth, -"here they must have arrived at or near midsummer 393 B. c. Now it appears to me certain, that these proceedings of Pharnabazus with the fleet, recounted in the eighth chapter, come, in point of date, before the seditious movements and the coup d' &.at at Corinth, which are recounted in the fourth chapter. At the time when Pharnabazus was at Corinth in midsummer 393 B.C., the narrative of Xenophon (iv, 8, 8-10) leads us to believe that the Corinthians were prosecuting the war zealously, and without discontent : the money and encouragement which Pharnabazus gave them was calculated to strengthen such ardor. It was by aid of this money that the Corinthians fitted out their fleet under Agathinus, and acquired for a time the maritime command of the Gulf. The discontents against the war (recounted in chap. 4 seq.) could not have commenced until a considerable time after the departure of Pharna- bazus. They arose out of causes which only took effect after a long con- tinuance, the hardships of the land-war, the losses of property and slaves, the jealousy towards Attica and Boeotia as being undisturbed, etc. The Lacedaamonian and Peloponnesian aggressive force at Sikyon cannot pos- sibly have been established before the autumn of 494 B. c., and was most probably placed there early in the spring of 393 B.C. Its effects Avere brought about, not by one great blow, but by repetition of ravages and destructive annoyance ; and all the effects which it produced previous to midsummer 393 B. c. would be more than compensated by the presence, the gifts, and the encouragement of Pharnabazus with his powerful fleet. Moreover, aftei his departure, too, the Corinthians were at first successful at sea, and ac
