HALT AT THE ZAE. 61) situated on the Lesser Zab, which flows into the Tigris, and which Xenophon must have crossed, though he makes no mention of it. According to the order of march stipulated between the Greeks and Tissaphernes, the latter only provided a supply of provisions for the former to purchase ; but on the present halt, he allowed the Greeks to plunder the villages, which were rich and full of all sorts of subsistence, yet without carrying off the slaves. The wish of the satrap to put an insult on Cyrus, as his personal ene- my, 1 through Parysatis, thus proved a sentence of ruin to these unhappy villagers. Five more days' march, called twenty para- sangs, brought them to the banks of the river Zabatus, or the Greater Zab, which flows into the Tigris near a town now called Senn. During the first of these five days, they saw on the oppo- site side of the Tigris a large town called Kaenae, from whence they received supplies of provisions, brought across by the inhabit- ants upon rafts supported by inflated skins. 2 On the banks of the Great Zab they halted three days, days of serious and tragical moment. Having been under feelings of mistrust, ever since the convention with Tissaphernes, they had followed throughout the whole march, with separate guides of their own, in the rear of his army, always maintaining their encamp- ment apart. During their halt on the Zab, so many various mani 1 Ktesias, Fragm. 18, ed. Bahr. a Xen. Anab. ii, 5, 26-28. Mannert, Rennell, Mr. Ainsworth, and most modern commentators, idcn tify this town of Kaival or Koenoe with the modern town Senn ; which lat ter place Mannert (Geogr. der Rom. v. p. 333) and Eennell (Illustrations p. 129) represent to be near the Lesser Zab instead of the greater Zab. To me it appears that the locality assigned by Xenophon to Kaivat, docs not at all suit the modern town of Senn. Nor is there much real similarity of name between the two ; although our erroneous way of pronouncing the Latin name Caenae, creates a delusive appearance of similarity. Mr. Ains- worth shows that some modern writers have been misled in the same man ner by identifying the modern town of Sert with Tigranocerta. It is a perplexing circumstance in the geography of Xenophon's work, that he makes no mention of the Lesser Zab, which yet he must have crossed. Herodotus notices them both, and remarks on the fact that though distinct rivers, both bore the same name (v, 52). Perhaps in drawing up his narrative nfter the expedition, Xenophon may have so far forgotten, aa to fancy that two synonymous rivers mentioned as dis*ir>rt in his memo- randa, were jnly one.
