CONTENTS. xi the Greek cities in Sicily — original oligarchies subverted in many places by despots — attempted colony of the Spartan prince Dorieus. — lOean- der despot of Gela, b.c. about 500. — First rise of Gelo and iEneside- mus in his sciTice. Telines, the first marked ancestor of Gelo. — Gelo — in high command among the mercenaries of Hippokrates despot of Gela. — Tate of the Ionic town of Zankle, aftenvards Messina — it is seized by the Samians — conduct of Hippoki-ates. — Hippola-ates is victorious over the Syracusans — takes Kamarina — dies. — Gelo becomes in his place despot of Gela. — Greatness of Gelo — he gets possession of Syracuse, and transfers the seat of his power from Gela to Syracuse. — Conquest of vai'ious Sicilian towns by Gelo — he transports the oligarchy to SjTacuse and sells the Demos for slaves. — Increased power and population of Syi'a- cuse under Gelo — it becomes the first city in Sicily. — Power of Gelo when the envoys from Sparta and Athens came to entreat his aid, b.c. 481. — Plans of Gelo for strengthening Sicilian Hellenism against the bar- baric interests in the islands. — Spartan and Athenian envoys apply to Gelo — his answer. — Carthaginian invasion of Sicily, simultaneous ^vith the invasion of Greece by Xei-xes. — The Carthaginian army under Hamilkar besiege Himera — battle of Himera — complete victoiy gained over them by Gelo. — Supremacy of Gelo in Sicily — he grants peace to the Carthaginians. — Conduct of Gelo towards the confederate Greeks who were contending against Xerxes. — Number of prisoners taken at the battle of Himera and distributed among the Carthaginian cities — their prosperity, especially that of Agrigentum. — Death and obsequies of Grelo. — Number of new citizens whom Gelo had introduced at Syra- cuse. — Hiero, brother and successor of Gelo at SjTacuse — jealous of his brother Polyzelus — harsh as a ruler — quan-el between Hiero of Syi'- acuse and Thero of Agrigentum — appeased by the poet Simonides. — Severe ti-eatment of the inhabitants of Himera by Thero. — Power and exploits of Hiero — against the Carthaginians and Tyrrhenians — against Anaxilaus — he foimds the city of JEtna — new wholesale transplanta- tion of inhabitants — compliments of Pindar. — Death of Anaxilaus of Ehegium, and of Thero of Agi'igentum. Ttrasydaus, son of Thero, rules Agrigentum and Himera. His cruel government — he is defeated by Hiero and expelled. — Great power of Hiero, after the defeat of Thrasydseus — his death. — Thi-asybulus, brother and successor of Hiero — disputes among the members of the Gelonian family. — Citxelties and unpopularity of Thrasybulus — mutiny against him at Syracuse. — Ex- pulsion of Thrasybulus, and extinction of the Gelonian dynasty. — Pop- ular governments established in all the Sicilian cities — confusion and disputes arising out of the number of new citizens and mercenaries dom- iciliated by the Gelonian princes. — Internal dissensions and combat in Syracuse. — Defeat of the Gelonians — SjTracuse made into one popular government, one city, one fortification. — Disorders in other Sicilian cities, arising from the return of exiles who had been dispossessed under the Gelonian dynasty. Katana and iEtna. — General congress and com- promise — the exiles are provided for — Kamarina again restored as a separate autonomous city. — Eeactionary feelings against the previous despotism, and in favor of popular government, at Syracuse and in the other cities. — Italiot Greeks — destructive defeat of the inhabitants of Tarenttmi and of Khegium 204-239
