GRECIAN AFFAIRS AFTER THE PERSIAN INVASION. 277 we know him afterwards only as a civil magistrate, administering justice to the metics, or non-freemen, while the strategi perform military duties without him. I conceive that this alteration, indi eating as it does a change in the character of the archons gen erally, must have taken place at the time which we have now reached,! — a time when the Athenian establishments on all sides required a more elaborate distribution of functionaries. The distribution of so many Athenian boards of functionaries, part to do duty in the city, and part in the Peirseus, cannot have com- menced until after this period, when Peirseus had been raised by Themistokles to the dignity of town, fortress, and state-harbor. Such boards were the astynomi and agoranomi, who maintained the police of streets and markets, — the metronomi, who watched over weights and measures, — the sitophylakes, who carried into effect various state regulations respecting the custody and sale of corn, — with various others who acted not less in Peirasus than in the city .2 We may presume that each of these boards was originally created as the exigency appeared to call for it, at a period later than that which we have now reached, most of these duties of detail having been at first discharged by the archons, and afterwards, when these latter became too full of occupation, confided to separate administrators. The special and important change which characterized the period immediately succeeding the battle of Salamis, was the more accurate line drawn between the archons and the strategi ; assigning the foreign and military department entirely to the strategi, and ren- dering the archons purely civil magistrates, — administrative as well as judicial ; while the first creation of the separate boards above named was probably an ulterior enlargement, arising out of increase of population, power, and trade, between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. It was by some such steps that the Athenian administration gradually attained that complete devel- opment which it exhibits in practice during the century from the • Aristotel. 'n.o?UTECo)v Tragm. xlvii, ed. Neumann ; Harpokration, v, Uo^-efiapxag ; Pollux, viii, 91 : compare Meier und Schumann, Der Attische Prozess, ch. ii, p. 50, seqq. ' See Aristotel. 'n.o?uTeiuv Fragm. ii, v, xxiii, xxxviii, 1, ed. Neumann ■ Schomann, Antiqq. Jur. Publ. Grsec. c. xli, xlii, xliii.
