RSECtAX COXFfiMRACV tJNt)ER ATflEHS. 291 hegemony, or headship, as a portion of the Athenian empire. Thucydides carefully distinguishes the two, speaking of the Spar- tans as having lost, and of the Athenians as having acquired, not empire, but headship, or hegemony, i The transition from the
- Thucyd. i, 94. E^eiroXiopKTjaav (Bv^avriov) iv ryde rij f/yefiovia, i.e.
under the Spartan hegemony, before the Athenians were invited to assume the hegemony: compare ijyTjau/xevoi, i, 77, and Hcrodot. viii. 2, 3. Next, we have (i, 95) (poiruv-i^ re (the lonians, etc.) Trpof rovg 'Ad^rivaiov^ rj^iovv avToiic 7)ye/i6va( adCiv yevEa-&ai kutu to ^yyevi;. Again, when the Spartans send out Dorkis in place of Pausanias, the allies ovaeti icpleaa^ T7JV i/ycfioi'iav. Then, as to the ensuing proceedings of the Athenians (i, 96) — irapaAajSovTE^ 6'e oi ' A^rjvalot rfjv i}ye/iov lav tovto) tC) Tfiontp iKovTiiiv tC)v ^vnfiiixi-iv dia to Havaaviov filaoc, etc.: compare i, 75, — r;/xiv 6e T7pO(TE2.vTCJV TUV ^VfljlUXUV KOL aVTUV dETj^tVTWV T/yE/iOVa^ KaTOO- TfjvaL, and vi, 76. Then the transition from the Tiye/iovia to the upxv (h 97) — i/yovfxsvoL dh aiiTOVOfiuv TO rrpCiTov tuv ^Vfiftuxuv nat atto Koivuv ^vvoduv lSov7^Evovruv, T 6a ads e tctj Xd^ov ttoPiF/zcj re Kal diaxEipicTEt -KpayixuTDv /isra^i) TovSe Tov TToXifiov Kal Toil M.t]6lkov. Thucydides then goes on to say, that he shall notice these '• many strides in advance" which Athens made, starting from her original hegemony, so as to show in what manner the Athenian empire, or dpxv, was originally formed, — ujia 6e kqc rr/^ apxvi uTzofieL^LV ex^i- ^w ^i' A-&rivaiuv, iv olut rpdiTi^ KaTEGTTi. The same transition from the riyEnovia to the iipxv is described in the oration of the Athenian envoy at Sparta, shortly before the Peloponnesian war (i, 75) : but as it was rather the interest of the Athenian orator to confound the difference between i/yefiovia and upx^, so, after he has clearly stated what the relation of Athens to her allies had been at first, and how it afterwards became totally changed, Thucydides makes him slur over the distinction, and say, — ovtuc oi6' jj/zfif ^av/iaarbv ovSev nEiroiTj- Ka/XEV el apxvv ■"■£ didofxevTiv ide^ufie^a Kal TavTTjv fif) avelfxEv, etc. ; and he then proceeds to defend the title of Athens to com- mand on the ground of superior force and worth : which last plea is ad vanced a few years afterwards, still more nakedly and offensively, by the Athenian speakers. Eead also the language of the Athenian Euphemus at Kamarina (vi, 82), where a similar confusion appears, as being suitable to the argument. It is to be recollected that the word hegemony, or headship, is extremely general, denoting any case of following a leader, and of obedience, however temporary, qualified, or indeed little more than honorary. Thus it is used by the Thebans to express their relation towards the Boeotian confederated towns {i/yefiovEVEa^ac i^' jy/^iv, Thuc. iii, 61, where Dr. Arnold draws atten- tion to the distinction between that verb and upxeiv, and holds language respecting the Athenian apxri, more precise than his language in the note
