404 HISTORY OF GREECE. acquaintance with the whole circle of human science, physical as well as moral (then narrow enough), so far as was necessary to talk about any portion of it plausibly and effectively, and to an* swer any question which might be proposed to them. Though these men passed from one Grecian town to another, partly in the caj^acity of envoys from their fellow-citizens, partly as ex- hibiting their talents to numerous heavers, with much renown and large gain,i — they appeared to have been viewed with jealousy and dislike by a large portion of the public : 2 for at a time when every citizen pleaded his own cause before the dikastery, they imparted, to those who were rich enough to purchase it, a pecu- liar skill in the common weapons, which made them seem like fencing-masters, or professional swordsmen, amidst a society of untrained dueUists.3 Moreover, Sokrates, — himself a product of the same age, and a disputant on the same subjects, — and bearing the same name of a sophist,'^ but despising political and ' Plato (Hippias Major, c. 1, 2 ; Menon, p. 95; and (rorgias, c. 1, ^vith Stallbaum's note) ; Diodor. xii, 53 ; Pausan. vi, 17, 8.
- Xenophon, Memorab. i, 2, 31. To teach or learn the art of speech was
the common reproach made by the vnlgar against philosophers and lettered men, — to kolv^ roig (pi?^oa6(j)oi( vrrd tuv ttoXT^uv kniTifiu/ievov (^euoph. Memor. i, 2, 31). Compare ^schines cont. Timar. about Demosthenes, c. 25, 27, which illustrates the curious fragment of Sophokles, 865. Oi yUp yvvavSpot Kal7.EyELV 7] aKrjKOTeg . ^ Such is probably the meaning of that remarkable passage in which Thucydides describes the Athenian rhetor, Antipho, (viii, 68) : 'AvTi(j)uv, avTjp ^A-&rjvaiuv uper^ te ovdevbcvaTepog, Kal KpaTiorog hv&vfirj-QTjvaL yevo/xevog koI a av yvoir) elnelv Kal ig (lev dfjfiov ov irapiuv ov6' ig u?.Xov uyuva CKomtog ovdeva, u?J.' iirvnTug Tu nX^^ei Sid. do^av deivoTtjroc 6c- aKEifievog^ Toiig fievToi uyuvi^o/iivovg Kal iv dcKaaTTipiu Kal ev 6fi/i(j, 'ir?^£lGTa dc (ivrjp, oarig ^vfidovXevaacro ri, dwa/ievoc u^elelv. " Inde ilia circa occultandam eloquentiam simulatio," obserres Quintilian, Inst. Or. iv, 1, 8. Compare Plato (Protagoras, c. 8 ; Phaedrus, c. 86), Isokrates cont. Sophis- tas. Or. xiii, p. 295, where he complains of the teachers, — oiTiveg vTveaxov- TO, diKu.^ea'&ai 6i6daKEiv, ex/le^a/zevot to 6vax£p£<JTaTov tuv ovofiuTuv, 6 t€>v ^ovoiivTuv ipyov elrj Myeiv^ akA' ov tuv ■TzpoeaTuruv Tfjg ToiavTTjc izaiiev- TEug, Demosthen. l)e Fals. Legat, c. 70, 71, pp. 417-420 ; and ^schin. cont. Ktesiphon. c. 9, p. 371, — KaKOvpyov <Jo<jnaT^v, oiofievov ji^/iaai Tovg vofiovg uvaipTiaeiv.
- .^schines cont. Timarch. c. 34, p. 74. 'Xfielc /ihv, 6 ' k^&i^valoi, S o) /c p d -
