3IARCH TO DELIUM. 381 or unarmed attendants accompanying the march. 1 The number of hoplites is here prodigiously great ; brought together by gen- eral and indiscriminate proclamation, not selected by a special choice of the strategi out of the names on the muster-roll, as was usually the case for any distant expedition. 2 As to light-armed, there was at this time no trained force of that description at Athens, except a small body of archers. No pains had been taken to organize either darters or slingers : the hoplites, the horsemen, and the seamen, constituted the whole effective force of the city. Indeed, it appears that the Boeotians also were hardly less destitute than the Athenians of native darters and slingers, since those which they employed in the subsequent siege of Delium were in great part hired from the Malian gulf. 3 To employ at one and the same time heavy-armed and light-armed, was not natural to any Grecian community, but was a practice which grew up with experience and necessity. The Athenian feeling, as manifested in the Persae of ^Eschylus a few years after the repulse of Xerxes, proclaims exclusive pride in the spear and shield, with contempt for the bow : and it was only during this very year, when alarmed by the Athenian occupation of Pylus and Kythera, that the Lacedaemonians, contrary to their previous 1 Thucyd. iv, 93, 94. He states that the Boeotian rpihol were above ten thousand, and that the Athenian i/>t/lot were iro^XaTTAaaioi TUV havriuv. We an hardly take this number as less than twenty-five thousand, T/uAwi. Kal aKvo<j>6puv (iv, 101). The hoplites, as well as the horsemen, had their baggage and provision carried for them by attendants : see Thucyd. iii, 17 ; vii, 75. 2 Thucyd. iv, 90. 'O 6' 'linroKpaTTjf avaarrjaas 'A&ljvaims 7rav<577/ze?, aiirovt KOI rovs fj.ETOLK.ovt: Kal EVUV oaoi iraprjoav, etc. : also Travorpartuf (iv, 94^. The meaning of the word iravdijpel is well illustrated by Nikias in his exhortation to the Athenian army near Syracuse, immediately antecedent to the first battle with the Syracusans, levy en masse, as opposed to hop- lites specially selected (vi, 66-68), u/U.f re Kal npbf uvdpaf Trav6rjfj.El re ufiVvoiiEVOvc, KOI OVK aToAe/croff, uvxep Kal rjfidg Kal TtpoaeTi S/Ke/Uuraf, etc. When a special selection took place, the names of the hoplites chosen by the generals to take part in any particular service were written on boards, according to their tribes : each of these boards was affixed publicly against the statue of the Heros Eponymus of the tribe to which it referred : Aris- tophanes, Equites, 1369; Pac. 1184, with Scholiast; Wachsmuth, Ilellnn
Alterthumsk. ii, p. 312. 3 Thucyd. iv, 100.
