KALLISTRATUS. Hi federates. 1 At this time (as in the earlier confederacy of Delos) all who joined must have been unconstrained members. And we may understand the motives of then- junction, when we read the picture drawn by Isokrates (in 380 B. c.) of the tyranny of the Persians on the Asiatic mainland, threatening, to absorb the neign- boring islands. Not only was there now a new basis of imposing force, presented by Athens and Thebes in union but there was also a wide-spread hatred of imperial Sparta, aggravated since her perversion of the pretended boon of autonomy, promised by the peace of Antalkidas ; and the conjunction of these sentiments caused the Athenian mission of invitation to be extremely successful. All the cities in Euboea (except Histiasa, at the north of the island) as well as Chios, Mitylene, Byzantium, and Rhodes the three former of whom had continued favorably inclined to Athens ever since the peace of Antalkidas, 2 all entered into the confederacy. An Athenian fleet under Chabrias, sailing among the Cyclades and the other islands of the JEgean, aided in the expulsion of the Lacedaemonian harmosts, 3 together with their devoted local oligar chies, wherever they still subsisted ; and all the cities thus libera- ted became equal members of the newly-constituted congress at Athens. After a certain interval, there came to be not less than 1 Isokrates gives the number twenty-four cities (Or. xv, Pennut. s. 120). So also Deinarchus cont. Demosthen. s. 15 ; cont. Philokl. s. 17. The statement of JEschines, that Timotheus brought seventy-five cities into the confederacy, appears large, and must probably include all that that general either ac- quired or captured (JEsch. Fals. Leg. c. 24, p. 2G3). Though I think the number twenty-four probable enough, yet it is difficult to identify what towns they were. For Isokrates, so far as he particularizej, includes Samos, Sestos, and Krithote, which were not acquired until many years afterwards, in 366-365 B.C. Neither of these orators distinguish between those cities which Timotheus brought or persuaded to come into the confederacy, when it was first formed (among which we may reckon Euboea, or most part of it Plutarch, De Glor. Athen. p. 351 A.) from those others which he afterwards took by siege, like Samos. 2 Isokrates, Or. xiv, Plataic. s. 30. 3 Isokrates, Or. xiv, (Plat.) s. 20. Ol filv -yap v^' vpuv KOTO, /cpe/rof tikav- ref eiiftvc fj.ev upfj.oaTov nal 6ov7*,eia<; unrj^u-yrjaav, vvv ds rov avvedpiov xal rijf k7(.evi}Epia^ /teTe%ovaiv, etc. The adverb of time here used indicates about 372 B. c., about a year b* fore the battle of Le^ktra.
