SUBMISSION OF EVAdORAS. 23 contest, in which he at first seemed likely to be victorious, he un- derwent a complete naval defeat, which disqualified him from keeping the sea, and enabled the Persians to block up Salamis as well by sea as by land. 1 Though thus reduced to his own single city, however, Evagoras defended himself with unshaken resolu- tion, still sustained by aid from Akoris in Egypt ; while Tyre and several towns in Kilikia also continued in revolt against Arta- xerxes ; so that the efforts of the Persians were distracted, and the war was not concluded until ten years after its commencement. 2 It cost them on the whole (if we may believe Isokrates) 3 fifteen thousand talents in money, and such severe losses in men, that Tiribazus acceded to the propositions of Evagoras for peace, con- senting to leave him in full possession of Salamis, under payment of a stipulated tribute, '-like a slave to his master." These last words were required by the satrap to be literally inserted in the convention ; but Evagoras peremptorily refused his consent, de- manding that the tribute should be recognized as paid by " one 1 Diodor. xv, 4. 2 Compare Isokrates, Or. iv, (Panegyr.) s. 187, 188 with Isokrates, Or. Ix, (Evag.) s. 77. The war was not concluded, and Tyre as well as much of Kilikia was still in revolt. when Isokrates published the Panegyrical Oration. At that time, Evagoras had maintained the contest six years, counting either from the peace of Antalkidus (387 B.C.) or from his naval defeat about a year or two afterwards ; for Isokrates tloes not make it quite clear from what point of commencement he reckons the six years. We know that the war between the king cf Persia and Evagoras haa begun as early as 390 B. c., in which year an Athenian fleet was sent tc assist the latter (Xenoph. Hellen. iv, 8, 24). Both Isokrates and Diodorus state that it lasted ten years; and I therefore place the conclusion of.it in 380 or 379 B. c., soon after the date of the Panegyrical Oration of Isokrates. I dissent on this point from Mr. Clinton (see Fasti Hellenici, ad annos 387 -376 B. c., and his Appendix, No. 12 where the point is discussed). He supposes the war to have begun after the peace of Antalkidas, and to have ended in 376 B. c. I agree with him in making light of Diodorus, but he appears to me on this occasion to contradict the authority of Xenophon, or at least only to evade the necessity of contradicting him by resorting to an inconvenient hypothesis, and by representing the two Athenian expedi-
- ions sent to assist Evagoras in Cyprus, first in 390 B. c., next in 388 B. c.,
as relating to " hostile measures before the war began" (p. 280). To me it ap- pears more natural and reasonable to include these as a part of the war.
- Jsokrales, Or. ix, s. 73-76.
