VICTOEY OF PHILIP. 293 This victory procured for Philip great renown as the avenger of the Delphian god and became an important step in his ca- reer of aggrandizement. It not only terminated the power of the Phokians north of Thermopylae, but also finally crushed the pow- erful dynasty of Pheraes in Thessaly. Philip laid siege to that city, upon which Lykophron and Peitholaus, surrounded by an adverse population and unable to make any long defence, capitu- lated, and surrendered it to him ; retiring with their mercenaries, two thousand in number, into Phokis. 1 Having obtained posses- sion of Pherae and proclaimed it a free city, Philip proceeded to besiege the neighboring town of Pagasae, the most valuable mari- time station in Thessaly. How lang Pagasae resisted, we do not know ; but long enough to send intimation to Athens, with entrea- ties for succor. The Athenians, alarmed at the successive con- quests of Philip, were well-disposed to keep this important post out of his hands, which their naval power fully enabled them to do. But here again (as in the previous examples of Pydna, Po- tidae, and Methone), the aversion to personal service among the citizens individually and the impediments as to apportionment of duty or cost, whenever actual outgoing was called for pro- duced the untoward result, that though an expedition was voted and despatched, it did not arrive in time. 2 Pagasae surrendered 1 Diodor. xvi. 37. 2 Demosthenes, Philippic i. p. 50. s. 40. Kairoi, ri dqiroTe vopi&re. . , , roi)f (iTTocro/loDf nuvTaf vfilv varepifriv TUV Kaipuv, TOV elf HA.E&uviiv, rbv tlf Hay aauf , TOV elf HoTidaiav, etc. Demosthenes, Olynth. i. p. 11. s. 9. Kal nakiv fyviKa Hvdva, Horidata, Metfww/, TLayaaal~ -Trohiop K ovfieva cnrijyyel. Ae TO, el TOTS Toi* TUV kvl rilt npuT<f> irpa&i>[j.uf Hal uf irpoai/nev E^orfdrjaa/iev aiiTol, etc. The first Philippic was delivered in 352-351 B. c. t which proves that Philip's capture of Pagasse cannot have been later than that year. Nor can it have been earlier than his capture of Pherse as I have before remarked in reference to the passage of Diodorus (xvi. 31), where it seems to be placed in 354-353 B. c. ; if Ilayaf is to be taken for Tiayaauf. I apprehend that the first campaign of Philip in Thessaly against the Phokians, wherein he was beaten and driven out by Onomarchus, may be placed in the summer of 353 B. c. The second entrance into Thessaly, with the defeat and death of Onomarchus, belongs to the early spiring of 352 B. c. The capture of Pheraa and Pagasas comes immediately afterwarda then the expedition of Philip to Thermopylae, where his progress was ar- rested by the Athenians comes about Midsumirer 352 B. c.
