THIRD PHILIPPIC. 45 j I'hilip had appropriated and distributed lands which the Athenian settlers affirmed to be theirs ; and when they complained, he in- sisted that they should deal with Kardia as an independent city, by reference to arbitration. 1 This they refused, though their en- voy ^Eschines had recognized Kardia as an independent ally of Philip when the peace was sworn. Here was a state of conflicting pretensions, out of which hostili- ties were sure to grow. The Macedonian troops overran the Cher- sonese, while Diopeithes on his side made excursions out of the peninsula, invading portions of Thrace subject to Philip ; who sent letters of remonstrance to Athens. 2 While thus complaining at Athens, Philip was at the same time pushing his conquests in Thrace against the Thracian princes Kersobleptes, Teres, and Sitalkes, 3 upon whom the honorary grant of Athenian citizenship had been conferred. The complaints of Philip, and the speeches of his partisans at Athens, raised a strong feeling against Diopeithes at Athens, so that the people seemed disposed to recall and punish him. It is against this step that Demosthenes protests in his speech on the Chersonese. Both that speech, and his third Philippic were de- livered in 341-340 B. c. ; seemingly in the last half of 341 B. c. In both, he resumes that energetic and uncompromising tone of hos- tility towards Philip, which had characterized the first Philippic and the Olynthiacs. He calls upon his countrymen not only to sustain Diopeithes, but also to renew the war vigorously against Philip in every other way. Philip (he says), while pretending n words to keep the peace, had long ago broken it by his acts, and by aggressions in numberless quarters. If Athens chose to imitate him by keeping the peace in name, let her do so ; but at any rate, let her imitate him also by prosecuting a strenuous war in reality. 4 Chersonesus, the ancient possession of Athens, could be protected only by encouraging and reinforcing Diopeithes ; Byzantium also was sure to become the next object of Philip's attack, and ought to be preserved, as essential to the interests of 1 Pseudo-Demosth. De Halonneso, p. 87. 2 Demosth. De Chersonese, p. 93 ; Pseudo-Demosth. De Halonneso o. 87 ; Epistol. Philipp. ap. Demcsth. p. 161.
- Epistol. Philipp. 1. c,
4 Philippic iii. p. 112.
