510 HISTORY OF GREECE. mediate terror of the defeat at Chaeroneia), to grant manumission to the slaves, citizenship to metics, and restoration of citizenship to those who had been disfranchised by judicial sentence. The occurrence of peace had removed all necessity for actirg upon this decree ; nevertheless an impeachment was entered and brought against its mover. Hyperides, unable to deny it 3 illegality, placed his defence on the true and obvious ground " The Macedonian arms (he said) darkened my vision. It was net I who moved the decree ; it was the battle of Chaero- neia." 1 The substantive defence was admitted by the Dikastery ; while the bold oratorical turn attracted notice from rhetorical critics. Having thus subjugated and garrisoned Thebes having re- constituted the anti-Theban cities in Breotia having constrained Athens to submission and dependent alliance and having estab- lished a garrison in Ambrakia, at the same time mastering Akar- nania, and banishing the leading Arkananians who were opposed to him Philip next proceeded to carry his arms into Pelopon- nesus. He found little positive resistance anywhere, except in the territory of Sparta. The Corinthians, Argeians, Messen- ians, Eleians, and many Arcadians, all submitted to his domin- ion ; some even courted his alliance, from fear and antipathy against Sparta. Philip invaded Laconia with an army too power- ful for the Spartans to resist in the field. He laid waste the country, and took some detached posts ; but he did not take, nor do we know that he even attacked, Sparta itself. The Spartans could not resist ; yet would they neither submit, nor ask for peace. It appears that Philip cut down their territory and narrowed their boundaries on all the three sides ; towards Argos, Messene, and Megalopolis. 2 We have no precise account of the details of his proceedings ; but it is clear that he did just what seemed to him good, and that the governments of all the Peloponnesiana cities came into the hands of his partisans. Sparta was the only city which stood out against him ; maintaining her ancient free- 1 Plutarch, Vit. X. Orat. p. 849. 3 Polybius, ix. 28, 33, xii. 14; Tacitus, Annal. iv. 43; Strabo, viii. p 361 ; Pausanias, ii. 20, 1. viii. 7, 4. viii. 27, 8. From Diodorus xvii. 3, we see how much this adl esion to Philip was obtained under the pressure of necessity.
