54 HISTORY OF GREECE. tously renewed the war against Carthage. After brilliant success at first, he was again totally defeated, and forced to cede to Car- thage all the territory west of the river Halykus, besides paving a tribute. So that the exact difference between the Sicilian ter- ritory of Carthage as it stood at the beginning of his command and at the end of his reign amounts to this : that at the earlier period it reached to the river Himera at the later period only to the river Halykus. The intermediate space between the two comprehends Agrigentum with the greater part of its territory ; which represents therefore the extent of Hellenic soil rescued by Dionysius from Carthaginian dominion. CHAPTER LXXXIV. SICILIAN AFFAIRS AFTER THE DEATH OF THE ELDER DIONYSIUS DIONYSIUS THE YOUNGER AND DION. THE Elder Dionysius, at the moment of his death, boasted of having left his dominion "fastened by chains of adamant;" that is, sustained by a large body of mercenaries, 1 well trained and well paid by impregnable fortifications on the islet of Ortygia by four hundred ships of war by immense magazines of urms and military stores and by established intimidation over he minds of the Symcusans. These were really " chains of ada- mant " -so long a? there was a man like Dionysius to keep them in hand. Buf he left no successor competent to the task ; nor indeed an unobstructed succession. He had issue by two wives, whom he had married both at the same time, as has been already mentioned. By the Lokrian wife, Doris, he had his eld est son named Dionysius, and two others : by the Syracusan wife 1 Both Diodorus (xvi. 9) and Cornelius Ncpos (Dion, c. 5) speak of one hundred thousand foot and ten thousand horse. The former speaks of foui hundred ships of war ; the latter of five hundred. The numbers of foot and horse appear evidently exaggerated. Botk authors must have copied from the same original ; possibly Ephorus
