STOPPAGE AT THE HYPHASIS. 231 the town of Sangala, he added the territory to the dominion o*' Porus, then present, with a contingent of 5000 Indijins.^ Sangala Avas the easternmost of all Alexander's conquests. Presently his march brought hira to the river Hyphasis (Sut- ledge), the last of the rivers in the Punjab — seemingly at a point below its confluence with the Beas. Beyond this river, broad and rapid, Alexander was infox'med that there lay a desert of eleven days' march, extending to a still greater river called the Ganges ; beyond which dwelt the Gandarida;, the most pow- erful, warlike, and populous, of all the Indian tribes, distinguish- ed for the number and training of their elephants.'- The pros- pect of a difficult march, and of an enemy esteemed invincible, only instigated his ardor. He gave orders for the crossing. But here for the iirst time his army, officers as w^ell as soldiers, mani- fested symptoms of uncontrollable weariness ; mui-muring aloud at these endless toils, and marches they knew not whither. They had already over-passed the limits where Dionysus and Herakles were said to have stopped : they were travelling into regions hitherto unvisited either by Greeks or by Persians, merely for the purpose of provoking and conquering new enemies. Of vic- tories they were sated ; of their plunder, abundant as it was, they had no enjoyment ; ^ the hardships of a perpetual onward march, often excessively accelerated, had exhausted both men and hor- ses ; moreover, their advance from the Hydaspes had been ac- complished in the wet season, under rains more violent and con- tinued than they had ever before experienced.* Informed of the reigning discontent, Alexander assembled his officers and harangued them, endeavoring to revive in them that forward spirit and promptitude which he had hitherto found not inadft- ' Arrian, v. 23. 24 ; Curtius, ix. 1,15.
- Curtius, ix. 2, 3 ; Diodor. xvii. 93 ; Plutarch, Alex. G2.
'Curtius, ix. 3, 11 (speech of Kcenus). " Quoto cuique lorica est? Quis equum 'labet ? Jube quaeri, quam muhos servi ipsorum pcrsecuti sint, quid cuique supcrsit ex praeda. Omnium victorcs, omnium inopes Bumus. ■* Aristobulus ap. Strabo. xv. p. 691-697. vEa-&at avvex^i- Arrian, v 29, 8 ; Diodor. xvii. 93. x^^H-^'"^^ uypioc KarEpfjuyrjcav ti)' Tifiefrnz tftdoui)- KovTa, Kcu PpovTii (n'rf;);eif «a£ Kcpavvol KaTeaKtjTirov, etc.
