332 HISTORY OF GBEECE. from him and from Antipater. He was anxious to bestow the gift of citizenslxip upon the philosopher Xenokrates, who waa only a metic, or resident non-freeman ; but Xenokrates declined the offer, remarking, that he would accept no place in a constitu- tion against which he had protested as envoy.^ This mark of courageous independence, not a little remarkable while the Macedonians were masters of the city, was a tacit reproach to the pliant submission of Phokion. Tliroughout Peloponnesus, Antipater purged and remodelled the cities, Argos, Megalopolis, and others, as he had done at Athens ; installing in each an oligarchy of his own partisans — sometimes with a Macedonian gai-rison — and putting to death, deporting, or expelling, hostile, or intractable, or democratical citizens.2 Having completed the subjugation of Peloponnesus, he passed across the Corinthian Gulf to attack the -3]^tolians, now the only Greeks remaining unsubdued. It was the purpose of Antipater, not merely to conquer this warlike and rude peo- ple, but to transport them in mass across into Asia, and march them up to the interior deserts of the empire.'^ His army was too powerful to be resisted on even ground, so that all the more accessible towns and villages fell into his hands. But the iEto- lians defended themselves bravely, Avithdrew their families into the high towns and mountain tops of their very rugged country, and caused serious loss to the Macedonian invaders. Neverthe- less, Kraterus, who had cai'ried on wai* of the same kind with Alexander in Sogdiana, manifested so much skill in seizing the points of communication, that he intercepted all their supplies 1 Plutarcli, Phokion, 29, 30.
- Diodor. xviii. 55, 56, 57, 68, 69. <pavrpov 6' ui'toc, uri Kuaaaix^po; riJv
Kara tijv 'EAA(2(5a 'k67^euv uv&i^e-ai, 6iu. rb tu^ liiv avrcJv narpinaig (ppovpalr ^v?iUTTE(jOat, Tug (5' {'tt' 67iCyap;^iCjv ihotKela'^ai, Kvpuvofiivag vtto tuv Avrt TTurpov 6iAcjv Kal ^ivuv. That citizens were not only banisiicd. but deported, by Antipater fioin various other cities besides Athens, we may see from the edict issued by Polysperchon shortly after tlie death of Antipater (Diod. xviii. 56) — koI 701'f fxeraaravTac 7/ (pvyovrag vtto tuv i/fiErepuv (i. e. Antipater and Kraterus), a^' uv xpovuv 'AXiiavdpoc eig rijv 'kaiav ^i-t^r]. Karayofzev, etc. ^ Diodor. xviii. 2-5. dieyvuKOTeg iiarepov avrovc Kara'iTOAEfii/aai, Kal (iETaoTTjaai navoiKiovg u n av ra g -Ig T7ji> Ipr/ftiav Kat n-o/i/(w Ti/Tu Ti/g ^kaiag keuievvv yCmav.
