J 4 HISTORY OF GREECE. executive head and arm. It crowned him with a legal sanction as keeper of the peace within Greece, and conqueror abroad in the name of Greece. Of its other conditions, some are made known to us by subsequent complaints ; such conditions as, being equitable and tutelary towards the members generally, the Mace- donian chief found it inconvenient to observe, and speedily began to violate. Each Hellenic city was pronounced, by the first ar- ticle of the convention, to be free and autonomous. In each, the existing political constitution was recognized as it stood; all other cities were forbidden to interfere with it, or to second any attack by its hostile exiles.^ No new despot was to be estab- lished ; no dispossessed despot was to be restoi-ed.- Each city became bound to discourage in every other, as far as possible, all illet^al violence — such as political executions, confiscation, spoli- ation, re-division of land or abolition of debts, factious manumis- sion of slaves, etc.^ To each was guaranteed freedom of navigjx- tion ; maritime capture was prohibited, on pain of enmity from all.* Each was forbidden to send armed vessels into the harbor of any other, or to build vessels or engage seamen there.^ By each, an oath was taken to observe these conditions, to declare war against all who violated them, and to keep them inscribed on a commemorative column. Provision seems to have been ' Demosthenes (or Pseudo-Demosthenes), Orat. xvii. De Fcedere Alex andiino, p. 213, 214. sTriruTTei t) cvvd//Kjj evMc h upx^, £?^ev^epovc nvai Kal avTovufiovg roiig 'ETiTiTjvac — 'E(Tr2 yun yeypa/xfiivov, lav rivec raf noli- Teiac Tug nap' tKaaroic ovang, org rovg opKOvg rovg nepl rr/g dpijvrjg ufivvaav, iiara?.vauc!i, TroTie/iiovg elvai ttuol Tolg ri/g Eipi]vr]g /lerex'^v'^^'^' " Demostlien. Orat. de Fcedere Alex. p. 213. ^ Demosth. ib. p. 215.
- Demostli. ib. p. 217. icrl yap drjirov iv Talg avvdf/Kaig, rr/u iSdXarrav
■kIeIv Tovg fierixovrag rrjg elpf/vijg, icat iiTj6eva kuIveiv avrovg ^irjde Karayeiv ■kIoIov fiTjSevbg tovtuv euv di rig napu ravra nou), 'xoleutov civai nuairulg T>]g elptjvrjg /xerexovaiv
- Demosth. ib. p. 218,219. Bohnecke, in his instructive comments on
this convention (Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der Altischen Redncr, p. 023), has treated the prohibition here mentioned as if it were one speciallj binding the Macedonians not to sail with armed ships into the Pcirasus. This undoubtedly is the particular case on which the orator insists : but I conceive it to have been only a particular case under a general prohihitory rule.
