COLONIES PLANTED BY MASSALIA. 453 and export ; and to this want the Massaliots, with their colonies, were the only ministers, along the Gulfs of Genoa and Lyons, from Luna (the frontier of Tuscany) to the Dianium (Cape della Nao) in Spain.* It was not until the first century before the Christian era that they were outstripped in this career by Nar- bon, and a few other neighbors, exalted into Roman colonies. Along the coast on both sides of their own city, the Massaliots planted colonies, each commended to the protection, and conse- crated by the statue and peculiar rites, of their own patron god- dess, the Ephesian Artemis.2 Towards the east were Tauroentium, Olbia, Antipolis, Nikgea, and the Portus Monoeki ; towards the west, on the coast of Spain, were Rhoda, Emporioe, Alone, Herae- i-oskopium, and Artemisium or Dianium. These colonies were established chiefly on outlying capes or sometimes islets, at once near and safe ; they were intended more as shelter and accom- modation for maritime traffic, and as depots for trade with the interior, — than for the purpose of spreading inland, and includ- ing a numerous outlying population round the walls. The cir cumstances of Emporise were the most remarkable. That town- was built originally on a little uninhabited islet off the coast of Iberia ; after a certain interval, it became extended to the ad- joining mainland, and a body of native Iberians were admitted to joint residence within the new-walled circuit there establish- ed. This new circuit however was divided in half by an inter- vening wall, on one side of which dwelt the Iberians, on the other side the Greeks. One gate alone was permitted, for inter- communication, guarded night and day by appointed magistrates, one of whom was perpetually on the spot. Every night, one third of the Greek citizens kept guard on the walls, or at least held themselves prepared to do so. How long these sti-ict and fatiguing precautions were found necessary, we do not know ; but after a certain time they were relaxed, and the intervening wall disappeared, so that Greeks and Iberians freely coalesced into one 1 The oration composed by Demosthenes nooc ZTjvod^efiiv, relates to an affair wherein a ship, captain, and mate, all from Massalia, are found engag- ed in the carrying trade between Athens and Syracuse (Demosth. p. HS>% e-././.
- Bruckner, Histor. Massiliensium, c 7 (GiJtiingen)
