BOEOTIA RE-DIVIDED WITHOUT TUEBE^. 49 controlled by a Macedonian garrison in the Kadmeia. It would have been interesting to learn some details about this process of destruction and restitution of the Boeotian towns ; a process not only calling forth strong manifestations of sentiment, but also in- volving important and difficult questions to settle. But unfortu- nately we are not permitted to know anything beyond the gene- ral fact. Alexander left Greece for Pella in the autumn of 335 b. c.. and never saw it again. It appears, that during this summer, while he was occupied in his Ulyrian and Theban operations, the Macedonian force under Parmenio in Asia had had to contend against a Persian army, or Greek mercenaries, commanded by Memnon the Rhodian. Parmenio, marching into ^olis, besieged and took Grynium ; after which he attacked Pitane, but was compelled by Memnon to raise the siege. Memnon even gained a victory over the Mac^onian force under Kallas in the Troad, compelling them to retire to Rhoeteum. But he failed in an attempt to surprise Kyzikus, and was obliged to content himself with plundering the adjoining territory.^ It is affirmed that Darius was engaged this summer in making large preparations, naval as well as military, to resist the intended expedition of Alexander. Yet all that we hear of what was actually done implies nothing beyond a mode- rate force. CHAPTER XCII. ASIATIC CAMPAIGNS OF ALEXANDER. A YEAR and some months had sufficed for Alexander to make (I first display of his energy and military skill, destined for achievements yet greater ; and to crush the growing aspirations ' Diodor. xvi. 7. VOL. XII. 5
