INDEX 283 Under Aurangzib, 139-140 Employment of Marathas in, 153 Decline of, 165, 170 Contrasted with Maratha and Hindu, 223 Art, examples of Mohammedan, Indian, Chinese, and Persian at Fathpur- Sikri, 35-39 Traces of Christian influence-on Indian, 37 Patronized by the Moghuls, 132-133 Artillery, 100, 113, 140, 187, 204, 270 Artisans, Indian conveyed to Persia, 181 Asaf Jah, founder of the Nizam dynasty of Haidarabad, 178, 179, 184 Asaf Khan, brother of the empress Nur- Jahan, 81 Favoured by Shah Jahan, 83 Joins Shah Jahan, 86-87, 89 Death of, 100 Campaigns of, 107 Asaf Khan, prime minister of Shah Jahan, had palace decorated with Christian paintings, 133-134 Asaf Khan, Nawab, an amir under Akbar, 210 Ascetics, Hindu yogis and Mohammedan fakirs, 36, 44 Asir, Asirgarh, a fortress in Khandesh, captured by Akbar, 49, 193-214 Description of its strength, 201-206 Siege and fall of, 207-214 Assam, a province of Northeast India, 142 Attok, a river of Northern India, 232 Aurangabad, a city in Berar, 155, 218 Aurangzib, the last great Moghul em- peror, 1, 16 Birth and early career of, 107-109 Governs as viceroy in the Deccan, 106, 107, 111, 151 Ascetic habits of, 108 First campaigns of, 108-109 Ability of, 109 Joins forces with Murad Bakhsh, 112 Bravery of, in battle, 114, 125 Ascends the throne, 120, 125 Takes as his -title Alamgir, " World- compeller," 121 Puritanical character of, 121-144 Devotion of, to Islam, 121, 218 Partakes of no animal food, 122 Idea of, regarding sovereignty, 126-127 Picture of, 127 Description of the personality and character of, 126, 129-130, 168-172 Levee of, described, 135-136 Observes the Moghut custom of being weighed, 136-137 Wives of, 138 Cares little for display, 138 Administrative system of, 138-142 Ruin of the kingdom of, 145-172 Fanaticism of, against unbelievers, 146 Mosque of, at Benares, 146 Revives the jizya (poll-tax), 16, 147- 148 Opposed by the Rajputs, 161 Opposed by Sivaji, 163-156 Wages war on the Marathas, 166-167, 183 Besieges Bijapur and Golkonda, 158- 163 Last years of, 167-172 Death of, 172, 219 Summary of the reign of, 173-174, 177, 188 A'zam, prince, a son of Aurangzib, 107, 138, 149, 169, 171, 174 Azam Khan, an amir under Akbar, 210 Babar, Moghul emperor, 3, 18, 102, 166, 175, 176, 178 Turkish the native language of, 62 Badakhshan, a province of Turkistan, 48, 108 Badauni, historian of Akbar, 30 Opposed in spirit to some of Akbar's reforms, 30-31, 83 Comments on military system, 82 Not in sympathy with Akbar's religious latitudinarian views, 36 Mentions a translation of the Gospels of Christ, 41 An Orthodox Mohammedan, 46 Bahadur, Baz, an Afghan governor, 8, 201 Bahadur Khan, commander under Au- rangzib, 113 Bahadur Khan, son of Raja All of Khandesh, 194, 196-214 Bahadur Shah, Moghul emperor, son of Aurangzib, 176 Courage of, 177 Death of, 177 See also Mu'azzam Bahmanid empire, 106 Bahzad, a Persian painter at Akbar's court, 38 Bairam, regent in Akbar's youth, 3, 4, 5, 6 Removed from office, 7 Bairampur, camp of Aurangzib at Fath- pur, 166 Baji Rao, a Maratha leader and peshwa, 179, 221, 222, 224 Balaji, a Maratha leader and peshwa, son of Baji Rao, 179, 220, 221, 224 Balamgarh, a fortified place near Delhi, 228, 249
