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288 APPENDIX I time to withdraw the factories from Bengal. Their own existence was threatened by the war between the Golkonda king and his dependents, and by the still more dreaded approach of the Maratha hordes. Thus in the very year that CromwelFs charter recon- THE EMPEROR AURANGZIB AKD HI8 COURT. stituted the Company on its permanent basis at home, the English in the Eastern seas, from the Persian Gulf to the island of Java, stood face to face with ruin. In India itself, the firm Moghul rule, under whose shelter our settlements on the continent had grown up, was for the first time assailed by that combination of Mos-
