THE YEAR AND ITS SEASONS 129 Jyeshtha) month; these correspond with the time from the sixteenth day of the last month to the fifteenth day of the fourth month. The three summer months are called 'An-sha-cha (Sanskrit Ashadha) month, Chi-lo- fa-na (Sanskrit Sravana) month, Po-ta-lo-pa-to (San- skrit Bhadrapada) month; these correspond to the time from the sixteenth day of the fourth month to the fifteenth day of the seventh month. The three au- tumn months are called ' An-shi-fo-ku-che (Sanskrit Asvayujd) month, Kia-li-ta-ka (Sanskrit Kdrtika) month, Wi-kia-chi-lo (Sanskrit Mdrgaslrsha) month; these correspond to the time from the sixteenth day of the seventh month to the fifteenth day of the tenth month. The three months of winter are called P'o-sha (Sanskrit Pushya) month, Ma-ku (Sanskrit Mdgha) month, and P'o-li-kiu-na (Sanskrit Phdlguna) month; these correspond with the time from the sixteenth day of the tenth month to the fifteenth day of the first month in China. Therefore the Buddhist priests in India, following the holy teaching of the Buddha, ob- serve two periods of Retreat during the rainy season, these being either the former three months or the lat- ter three months. The former three months correspond to the period from the sixteenth day of the fifth month to the fifteenth day of the eighth month, and the latter correspond to the period from the sixteenth day of the sixth month to the fifteenth day of the ninth month. Ancient translators of the Sutras (Chinese King) and the Vinaya (Chinese Liu) employed the terms tso-hia (" keeping summer ") and tso-la-hia (" keep-
