28 JAINA ARCHITECTURE. BOOK V. in the rebuilding of an old temple dating from about A.D. 960, a new colossal image, and the building of the gateway in which is the shrine of Pundarika. 1 The great temple is an imposing two storeyed building with a lofty spire, and with its base surrounded by many small shrines. Within, besides the great marble image of Rishabha, there are literally hundreds of others of all sizes ; 2 and, as at Ranpur and elsewhere, there are miniature Muhammadan qiblas set up outside as a protection against Moslim iconoclasts. The area in front of this is flanked by two considerable temples on each side that on the north-east being an elegant two-storeyed temple of the peculiar Jaina form known as a Chaumukh or four-faced temple. This one has, in the central hall, a quadruple image of Santinath the i6th Jina or Tirthankara : the images are placed so as to appear as one block, a similar figure facing the four entrances. Round the great temple are others of many sorts : some containing samosaranas 3 or Chaumukhs, as they are termed ; others "paduka" or footprints of Admvar, and one of the latter shrines, erected in marble by Karmajah or Karmasimha in 1530, is under a Rayana tree, 4 the scion of that under which Rishabha is said to have attained moksha or deliverance. The largest temple in the Kharatara- vasi Tuk, which occupies much of the north ridge, is a Chaumukh temple of Adinath, erected in 1618, by Setthi Devaraj, a banker of Ahmadabad and his family of whom his sons Somaji and Dupaji were Sanghapatis or leaders of the great pilgrimage at its consecration. It is of two storeys, and has a well-pro- portioned jikhara, 96 ft. in height, and as shown in the plan (Woodcut No. 278) consists of a mandap on the east 31 ft. 2 m - square with twelve pillars forming an inner square on which rests the dome 21 ft. 6 in. across, and the shrine beyond it, is 23 ft. square with entries on all sides. In the centre of this is the great quadruple image of Adinath, 278. Plan of Chaumukh Temple at Satrunjaya. 1 ' Epigraphia Indica,' vol. ii. p. 35. Pundarika was the chief of Rishabha's disciples, and has a shrine at the entrance of this Tirthankar's temples. 2 Among those in the shrine on the upper floor are images of the favourite Si or Mahalakshmi, and of Gautama- svami ; and "in other temples are images also of Ganeja, Sarasvati and other Hindu divinities. 3 Gujarat! Samosan ; p. 34 note. 4 The Mimusops hexandria of Rox- burgh ; Hemachandra and others specify the Vata or Banyan as Rishabha's Bo-tree.
