est conceptaculum e siccâ materiâ (e.g. various Leguminosae, Caryophylleae, Gentianeae, etc.).
VI. Binis seminibus. Semina sub singulo flosculo invicem conjuncta, ut unicum videantur ante maturitatem; cor in parte superiore, quâ flos insidet. Flores in umbellâ (Umbelliferae).
VII. Binis conceptaculis (e.g. Mercurialis, Poterium, Galium, Orobanche, Hyoscyamus, Nicotiana, Cruciferae).
VIII. Triplici principio (ovary) non bulbosae. Semina trifariam distributa; corde infra sito, radix non bulbosa (e.g. Thalictrum, Euphorbia, Convolvulus, Viola).
IX. Triplici principio bulbosae. Semina trifariam distributa; corde infra sito, radix bulbosa (Large-flowered Monocotyledons).
X. Quaternis seminibus. Semina quatuor nuda in communi sede (Boragineae and Labiatae).
XI. Pluribus seminibus, anthemides. Semina nuda plurima, cor seminis interius vergens; flos communis distributus per partes in apicibus singuli seminis (Compositae only).
XII. Pluribus seminibus, cichoraceae aut acanaceae. Semina nuda plurima, cor seminis inferius vergens, flos communis distributus per partes in apicibus singuli seminis (Compositae, Eryngium, and Scabiosa).
XIII. Pluribus seminibus, flore communi. Semina solitaria plurima, corde interius; flos communis, non distributus, inferius circa fructum (e.g. Ranunculus, Alisma, Sanicula, Geranium, Linum).
XIV. Pluribus folliculis. Semina plura in singulo folliculo (e.g. Oxalis, Gossypium, Aristolochia, Capparis, Nymphaea, Veratrum, etc.).
XV. Flore fructuque carentes (Filices, Equiseta, Musci including Corals, Fungi).
The examples appended by me to the diagnoses show that with the exception of the sixth, tenth, and fifteenth classes, no one perfectly represents a natural group of the vegetable kingdom. Most of them are a collection of heterogeneous objects, and the distinction of Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons, almost
