Page:History of merchant shipping and ancient commerce (Volume 2).djvu/12

profits of busses—The effect of these publications—Colonising expeditions
to North America—Charles I. assumes power over the
colonies—English shipowners resist the demand for Ship-Money—Its
payment enforced by law—Dutch rivalry—Increase of English
shipping—Struggles of the East India Company—Decline of Portuguese
power in India—The trade of the English in India—Increase
of other branches of English trade—Ships of the Turkey and Muscovy
Company—The Dutch pre-eminent—The reasons for this pre-eminence Pages 141-181


CHAPTER V.

English Navigation Laws—First Prohibitory Act, 1646—Further Acts,
1650-1651—Their object and effect—War declared between Great
Britain and Holland, July 1652—The English capture Prizes—Peace
of 1654—Alleged complaints against the Navigation Acts of Cromwell—Navigation
Act of Charles II.—The Maritime Charter of
England—Its main provisions recited—Trade with the Dutch prohibited—The
Dutch navigation seriously injured—Fresh war with the
Dutch, 1664—Its naval results—Action off Harwich, 1665—Dutch
Smyrna fleet—Coalition between French and Dutch, 1666—Battle
of June 1 and of July 24, 1666—Renewed negotiations for peace,
1667—Dutch fleet burn ships at Chatham, threaten London, and
proceed to Portsmouth—Peace concluded—Its effects—The colonial
system—Partial anomalies—Capital created—Economical theories
the prelude to final free-trade—Eventual separation from the mother-country
considered—Views of Sir Josiah Child on the Navigation
Laws—Relative value of British and Foreign ships, 1666—British
clearances, 1688, and value of exports—War with France—Peace of
Ryswick, 1697—Trade of the Colonies—African trade—Newfoundland—Usages
at the Fishery—Greenland Fishery—Russian trade—Peter
the Great—Effect of the legislative union with Scotland, 1707—The
maritime commerce of Scotland—Buccaneers in the West Indies—State
of British shipping, temp. George I.—South Sea Company,
1710 182-214


CHAPTER VI.

English voyages of discovery, 1690-1779—Dampier—Anson—Byron—Wallis
and Carteret—Captain Cook—His first voyage, in the Endeavour—Second
voyage, in the Resolution—Third voyage—Friendly,
Fiji, Sandwich, and other islands—His murder—Progress of the
North American colonies—Commercial jealousy in the West Indies—Seven
Years' War, 1756-1763—Its effect on the colonies.—Unwise
legislative measures—Effect of the new restrictions—Passing of the
Stamp Act—Trade interrupted—Non-intercourse resolutions—Re-*