Calvert family, in full. His infant son, Charles,—Iris father having died within a year—succeeded as the fifth Lord Baltimore. Hart was continued in office, and though no special effect was produced in Maryland by this change of religious views on the part of the proprietary, it was judged expedient, by the legislature, to impose a test oath by which Roman Catholics were excluded from all share in the government. Charles Calvert, a kinsman of the proprietary, succeeded Hart as governor, in 1720. Some years later the free school system was carried out, with advantage to the colony and its progress.
A younger brother of the proprietary was governor of Maryland from 1727 onward: during his administration, acts were passed offering bounties on flax, hemp, and iron. Calvert went to England in 1732, and soon after the proprietary in person arrived in the colony. His main object was to endeavor to agree upon the line between Maryland, and Pennsylvania and Delaware. The controversy was not settled until after some twenty years of litigation. Lord Baltimore returned to England in 1736, and Benjamin Ogle took charge of the administration of public affairs. During the remainder of the period between this and the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, Maryland continued to advance in prosperity, and was ready to take her share in the measures rendered necessary by the jealousy of the French, and the near approach of that contest for the mastery soon to be fought between the hostile nations and colonies.
In Carolina, Philip Ludwell was appointed by the proprietaries, in 1690, to the governorship of that province. Sothel was compelled to retire from the place he had usurped, (see page 128) and Ludwell began his administration, over both South and North Carolina, in a way that promised to give peace and satisfaction to the colony. It was, however, of but short duration. The old enmities between Churchmen and Dissenters, and between these same and the Huguenots, now considerable in number and political importance, were revived, and Ludwell, in 1693, retired in disgust. He was succeeded in Albemarle by Thomas Harvey, and in the southern province by Thomas Smith, a man of high character and a member of the Council. The "Grand Model," which had never satisfied any one, was this same year—1693—formally abrogated, it being voted by the proprietaries, " That as the people have declared they would rather be governed by the powers granted by the charter, without regard to the fundamental constitutions, it will be for their quiet, and the protection of the well-disposed, to grant their request."
In order to restore tranquility, Smith advised the proprietaries to send over one of their own number. This advice was adopted ; the place was offered to the Earl of Shaftesbury; on his declining, John Archdale, a worthy Quaker, was appointed. His measures were, on the whole, judicious and productive of good results, and having succeeded in allaying some of the ferments and disputes between contend-
