appear. In the exhibition of 1893, the only one previous to 1900 on which we have reliable notes, there was one performance with a sun screen and serpent effigies which were manipulated by the men of the kiva under the Snake rock. The symbols depicted on this screen differed somewhat from those on the screen employed in 1900, but the general character of the performance with it was the same. Briefly considered the acts given in 1893 were as follow:
First act. An exhibition with the sun screen and serpent effigies by men of Nacab kiva similar to the first act of 1900, but in which the actors personated Pawik (Duck), Tacab (Navaho), Hahai wüqti, and others. A masked man (Calako) stood before the screen holding in his arms an effigy of a Great Snake with which he appeared to struggle, and for that reason was called "The Struggling One." The serpent effigy carried was manipulated in such a way that the man and snake appeared to be engaged in a combat, much as in the fifth act of 1900, except that the serpent effigy was not thrown through an opening closed by a disk bearing sun symbols. The manipulator wore a false arm[1] hanging from one shoulder in place of his real arm, which was thrust within the body of the effigy, grasping a stick, the "backbone" of the monster.
Second act. Dance of masked men representing Añya katcinas.
Third act. Dance of masked men representing Tacab katcinas.
Fourth act. Dance of masked men representing clowns and two Huhuan katcinas.
Fifth act. Dance of men personating women of the Owakültû society, who threw their baskets to the spectators.
Sixth act. Dance of men representing old women bearing willow wands.
Seventh act. Dance of masked men representing Tanoan Añya katcinas.
The god of death, Masauû,[2] was personated in the 1893 exhibition and appeared in the plaza about 2 p.m., "dancing through Walpi with a hobbling movement, singing snatches of a song. He was masked and wrapped in a rabbit-skin rug, and went to all the kivas, beating the entrance with a bush" (Bigelovia graveolens).
On the day following the night exhibition in 1893 there were public dances of the Tacab and Añya katcinas.
Paraphernalia Used, their Construction and Symbolism
The effigies of Palülüloñ now used at the East mesa are not very ancient, although there are one or two which show considerable antiquity. One of these older specimens has a body of buckskin, but the majority, and all the recent ones, are made of cotton cloth. The
