The C clef is on that line which has an oblique or straight stroke, or pot-hook, above and below.
The F clef is on that line which its interior termination is on, and which it curls round either to the right or the left, and which has a dot above and below.
Fig. 2
And this position never varies. Whatever line the F clef is on is F, however many or few lines may be above or below it.
In olden days any clef line might be taken with any number of lines above and below. For instance, the F line with two lines below and two above; or three below and one above. This is not now done with treble and bass clefs, which are only used with respectively the top and bottom five lines of the Great Stave of eleven lines. Hence care must be taken to write the treble clef on the second, and the bass clef on the fourth line of its stave. But it is still customary to use the C clef, especially in viola and trombone music, with both two lines above and two below, making the alto stave; and three below and one above, making the tenor stave. These staves are also used in old vocal music, and familiarity with them is absolutely necessary in all advanced theoretical examinations. The C clef, therefore, appears
