To draw an accurate limit between the numerous bands of the Utahs, and those of the Snakes and Payutes seems to be impossible at present, since all of them show the same national characteristics. I give the names of some of the more important bands of Utah Indians, which no doubt differ to a certain degree in their sub-dialects: Elk Mountain Utahs in Southeastern Utah; Pah-Vants on Sevier Lake, southeast of Salt Lake; Sampitches, on Sevier Lake and in Sampitch Valley; Tash-Utah in Northern Arizona; Uinta-Utahs in Uintah Valley Reserve; Weber-Utahs, northeast of Salt Lake; Yampa-Utahs, south of the Uinta-Utahs.
Payute—(Pah-Utah, Pi-Ute—literally, "River-Utah; Utah, as spoken on Colorado river"), a sonorous, vocalic dialect spoken throughout Nevada, in parts of Arizona and California. The dialect of the Southern Payutes on Colorado river closely resembles that of the neighboring Chemehuevis, but differs materially from that spoken in Northern Nevada, and from the dialect of Mono and Inyo counties, California. Other Payute tribes are the Washoes and Gosh-Utes.
Kauvuya—(Cawio; Spanish, Cahuillo) This branch of the Shóshoni stock prevails from the Cabezon Mountains and San Bernardino Valley, California, down to the Pacific coast, and is at present known to us in four dialects: Serrano, or mountain dialect, spoken by Indians, who call themselves Takhtam, which means "men, people." Kauvuya, in and around San Bernardino Valley. Gaitchin or Kechi, a coast dialect in use near the Missions of San Juan Capistrano and San Luis Rey de Francia. Netéla is another name for it. Kizh, spoken in the vicinity of the Mission of San Gabriel by a tribe calling itself Tobikhar, or "settlers," and of San Fernando Mission, almost extinct. The two last mentioned dialects considerably differ among themselves, and from the mountain dialects of the Takhtam and Kauvuyas.
Comanche, formerly called Hietan, Jétan, Na-uni, in Northern Texas, in New Mexico and in the Indian Territory. They are divided into three principal sections, and their language resembles in a remarkable degree that of the Snakes.
Various Shóshoni dialects have largely influenced the stock of words of a few idioms, which otherwise are foreign to this family. We mean the Pueblo idioms of New Mexico, the Moqui of Arizona, and the Kiowa, spoken on Red River and its tributaries. There exists a deep-seated connection between the Shóshoni stock and several languages of Northern Mexico in the radicals, as well as in the grammatical inflections, which has been pointed out and proved in many erudite treatises by Professor T.C.E. Buschmann, once the collaborator of the two brothers Alexander and William von Humboldt.
