a grain, or 2.024 mg. When examined, the cells of all the roots throughout their whole length contained aggregated masses of reddish and brown matter. Before making these experiments, several roots were closely examined, and not a trace of the cloudy appearance or of the granular masses could be seen in any of them. Roots were also immersed for 35 m. in a solution of one part of carbonate of potash to 218 of water; but this salt produced no effect.
I may here add that thin slices of the stem of the Euphorbia were placed in the same solution, and the cells which were green instantly became cloudy, whilst others which were before colourless were clouded with brown, owing to the formation of numerous granules of this tint. I have also seen with various kinds of leaves, left for some time in a solution of carbonate of ammonia, that the grains of chlorophyll ran together and partially coalesced; and this seems to be a form of aggregation.
Plants of duck-weed (Lemna) were left for between 30 m. and 45 m. in a solution of one part of this same salt to 146 of water, and three of their roots were then examined. In two of them, all the cells which had previously contained only limpid fluid now included little green spheres. After from 1½ hr. to 2 hrs. similar spheres appeared in the cells on the borders of the leaves; but whether the ammonia had travelled up the roots or had been directly absorbed by the leaves, I can not say. As one species, Lemna arrhiza, produces no roots, the latter alternative is perhaps the most probabhle. After 2½ hrs. some of the little green spheres in the roots were broken up into small granules which exhibited Brownian movements. Some duck-weed was also left for 1 hr. 30 m. in a solution of one part of carbonate of potash to 218 of water, and no decided change could be perceived in the cells of the roots: but when these same roots were placed for 25 m. in a solution of carbonate of ammonia of the same strength, little green spheres were formed.
A green marine alga was left for some time in this same solution, but was very doubtfully affected. On the other hand, a red marine alga, with finely pinnated fronds, was strongly affected. The contents of the cells aggregated themselves into broken rings, still of a red colour, which very slowly and slightly changed their shapes, and the central spaces within these rings became cloudy with red granular matter. The facts here given (whether they are new, I know not) indicate that interesting results would perhaps be gained by observing the action of various saline solutions and
other fluids on the roots of plants.[1]
- ↑ [See C. Darwin on "The Action of Carbonate of Ammonia on the Roots of certain Plain:" 'Linn. Soc. Journal' (Bot.), vol. xix. 1882, p. 239; also "The Action of Carbonate of Ammonia on Chlorophyll-bodies:" 'Linn. Soc. Journal' (Bot.), vol. xix. 1882, p. 262―F. D.]
